1. A patient suffered from tightness and severe pain in his jaw. He was admitted to the hospital and developed severe facial spasms. His
history indicated that he had stepped on a nail at his family’s farm a few days ago. The wound appeared to be minor and he had not
sought professional treatment prior to admission to the hospital
The organism in this case is most likely:
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Clostridium difficile
C. *Clostridium tetani
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E. Escherichia coli
2. A patient suffered from tightness and severe pain in his jaw. He was admitted to the hospital and developed severe facial spasms. His
history indicated that he had stepped on a nail at his family’s farm a few days ago. The wound appeared to be minor and he had not
sought professional treatment prior to admission to the hospital
The disease is best treated by:
A. antibiotics only
B. antitoxin only
C. *antibiotics and antitoxin combined
D. no treatment needed
E. IV fluids
3. Cases of pneumonia in immunocompromised persons may be caused by Legionella pneumophilia, the reservoir of the organism is most
likely to be:
A. food
B. skin
C. soil
D. the human intestine
E. *environmental water sources
4. A 20-year-old female presents to the emergency room of a large city hospital complaining of extreme abdominal pain and vaginal
bleeding. Upon examination, no lesions are noted in her vaginal tract and the urinalysis does not indicate any sings of a urinary tract
infection. Her admitting diagnosis is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The most likely cause is:
A. Trichomonas vaginalis
B. *Chlamydia trachomatis
C. Escherichia coli
D. herpes virus
E. HIV
5. An outbreak of vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea without fever that occurs in a group of students that have eaten together 2
hours before is mostly likely caused by:
A. Salmonella typhi
B. Escherichia coli
C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D. Proteus vulgaris
E. *Staphylococcus enterotoxin poisoning
6. Puerperal sepsis (childbirth fever) is most likely caused by:
A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
B. Legionella pneumophila
C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. *Streptococcus pyogenes
E. Plasmodium vivax
7. Scarlet fever is caused by:
A. *Streptococcus pyogenes
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. Clostridium botulinum
E. Vibrio cholerae
8. Gastric ulcers are most often caused by:
A. stomach acid
B. indigestion
C. *infection with Helicobacter pylori
D. infection with Escherichia coli
E. all of the above
,9. A patient took clindamycin to treat his pneumonia condition. A few days later, he developed a severe diarrhea with extremely foul
smelling odor and his large intestines are getting inflamed and beginning to swell. The doctor switch to metronidazole and vancomycin
but the condition continued to get worse. Which is the most likely causative agent for his condition?
A. Borrelia burgdorferi
B. Haemophilus influenza
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. *Clostridium difficile
E. Streptococcus viridians
10. A patient took clindamycin to treat his pneumonia condition. A few days later, he developed a severe diarrhea with extremely foul
smelling odor and his large intestines are getting inflamed and beginning to swell. The doctor switch to metronidazole and vancomycin
but the condition continued to get worse. How do you treat that patient ?
A. treat with another broad-spectrum antibiotic such as tetracycline
B. treat with amphotericin B
C. treat with mebendazole
D. treat with vardenafil
E. *stop antibiotics and try fecal matter transplant
11. The patient is a 45-year-old female clerk with a history of mitral valve prolapse. She was admitted with a chief complaint of intermittent
fevers for 1 month and headaches for 3 weeks. Two weeks prior to developing symptoms, she had undergone a dental procedure for
which she took prophylactic erythromycin. Blood cultures on admission were positive for gram positive cocci in chains. She is
diagnosed with endocarditis. The cause of her infection is most likely to be:
A. Haemophilus influenzae
B. Chlamydia trachomatis
C. Borrelia burgdorferi
D. *Streptococcus viridans (mutans)
E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
12. The patient is a 45-year-old female clerk with a history of mitral valve prolapse. She was admitted with a chief complaint of intermittent
fevers for 1 month and headaches for 3 weeks. Two weeks prior to developing symptoms, she had undergone a dental procedure for
which she took prophylactic erythromycin. Blood cultures on admission were positive for gram positive cocci in chains. She is
diagnosed with endocarditis. The source of the organism is:
A. food
B. environmental water sources
C. intestine
D. human feces
E. *oral microbiota (flora)
13. The bacterium that is the most likely cause for “toxic shock syndrome” after surgery in a hospital is:
A. Clostridium difficile
B. Borrelia burgdorferi
C. Streptococcus viridans
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E. *Staphylococcus aureus
14. The virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis include:
A. *cell wall components
B. toxins
C. enzymes
D. capsule
E. all of the above
15. Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is based on:
A. PPD (tuberculin) skin test
B. chest X-ray
C. DNA probes
D. Acid fast tests
E. *all of the above
16. Unpasteurized milk may transmit which of the following disease?
A. Campylobacter jejuni
B. Listeria monocytogenes
, C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. *Both Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes
E. All of the choices shown
17. Two common bacteria that cause bacterial meningitis are:
A. Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae
B. Salmonella and Campylobacter
C. *Haemophilus influenzae (type B) and Streptococcus pneumoniae
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi
E. Neisseria meningitidis and Treponema pallidum
18. Whooping cough is most likely caused by:
A. Escherichia. coli
B. Vibrio cholerae
C. Staphylococcus epidermidis
D. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
E. *Bordetella pertussis
19. The bacteria that is ubiquitous and is the responsible for forming biofilm in wet surfaces is:
A. *Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B. Neisseria gonorrheae
C. Bordetella pertussis
D. Vibrio cholerae
E. Treponema pallidum
20. The bacteria that is present in the mouth that is responsible for most tooth decay is:
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C. Escherichia coli
D. *Streptococcus mutans (viridans)
E. Clostridium botulinum
21. The bacterium that can survive as endospores inside canned food and cause food poisoning is:
A. Treponema pallidum
B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
C. Escherichia coli
D. Bordetella pertussis
E. *Clostridium botulinum
22. The form of anthrax disease that is most fatal if left untreated is:
A. cutaneous anthrax
B. intestinal anthrax
C. *inhalation anthrax
D. all are equally fatal
E. anthrax does not normally cause fatality
23. Ticks can transmit what disease(s) ?
A. Borrelia burgdorferi
B. Rickettsia rickettsii
C. Treponema pallidum
D. *Both Borrelia burgdorferi and Rickettsia rickettsii
E. All of the choices shown
24. Necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eating syndrome) can be caused by:
A. Escherichia coli
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. Mycobacterium leprae
D. *Invasive group A Streptococcus
E. Neisseria meningitidis
25. The most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the USA is:
A. *Chlamydia trachomatis
B. Escherichia coli
C. Streptococcus pyogenes
D. Treponema pallidum
E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, 26. The bacteria that does not cross placenta but may cause eye infection and blindness when the baby is passing through the birth canal is:
A. Escherichia coli
B. Streptococcus pyogenes
C. Bordetella pertussis
D. *Neisseria gonorrhoeae
E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
27. Pneumonia caused by mycoplasma should be treated with:
A. penicillin
B. Valtrex
C. *erythromycin
D. vancomycin
E. there are no treatments for this disease
28. Which of the following is mismatched?
A. Bordetella pertussis – whooping cough
B. Treponema pallidum – syphilis
C. Chlamydia trachomatis – STD
D. *Staphylococcus aureus – strep throat
E. Escherichia coli – urinary tract infection
29. A likely cause for rheumatoid arthritis or rheumatic fever is:
A. a primary infection caused by a Streptococcus
B. a sexually transmitted disease
C. *the result of a cross-reaction between antibody to Group A streptococcus antigens and heart and joint tissues
D. a disease that is similar to Q-fever
E. preventable by immunization
30. Poultry (chicken) products are likely source of infection by:
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. *Salmonella enterica
C. Vibrio cholera
D. Shigella dysenteriae
E. Clostridium perfringens
31. Which of the following can be treated with erythromycin?
A. Staphylococcal food poisoning
B. *Infection with Legionella pneumophila
C. Hepatitis B
D. Trichinosis
E. Tapeworm infection
32. Urinary tract infections may be caused by:
A. Escherichia coli
B. Proteus
C. Klebsiella
D. Pseudomonas
E. *All of the choices shown
33. Bacillus anthracis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis cause different diseases, but all have
which one common virulence factor?
A. LPS
B. release of a neurotoxins
C. motility
D. slime layer
E. *capsule
34. A 10-yr old female was hospitalized with fever, lethargy, and rash. Gram-negative, diplococci were cultured from her cerebrospinal
fluid. Her symptoms are caused by:
history indicated that he had stepped on a nail at his family’s farm a few days ago. The wound appeared to be minor and he had not
sought professional treatment prior to admission to the hospital
The organism in this case is most likely:
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Clostridium difficile
C. *Clostridium tetani
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E. Escherichia coli
2. A patient suffered from tightness and severe pain in his jaw. He was admitted to the hospital and developed severe facial spasms. His
history indicated that he had stepped on a nail at his family’s farm a few days ago. The wound appeared to be minor and he had not
sought professional treatment prior to admission to the hospital
The disease is best treated by:
A. antibiotics only
B. antitoxin only
C. *antibiotics and antitoxin combined
D. no treatment needed
E. IV fluids
3. Cases of pneumonia in immunocompromised persons may be caused by Legionella pneumophilia, the reservoir of the organism is most
likely to be:
A. food
B. skin
C. soil
D. the human intestine
E. *environmental water sources
4. A 20-year-old female presents to the emergency room of a large city hospital complaining of extreme abdominal pain and vaginal
bleeding. Upon examination, no lesions are noted in her vaginal tract and the urinalysis does not indicate any sings of a urinary tract
infection. Her admitting diagnosis is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The most likely cause is:
A. Trichomonas vaginalis
B. *Chlamydia trachomatis
C. Escherichia coli
D. herpes virus
E. HIV
5. An outbreak of vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea without fever that occurs in a group of students that have eaten together 2
hours before is mostly likely caused by:
A. Salmonella typhi
B. Escherichia coli
C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D. Proteus vulgaris
E. *Staphylococcus enterotoxin poisoning
6. Puerperal sepsis (childbirth fever) is most likely caused by:
A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
B. Legionella pneumophila
C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. *Streptococcus pyogenes
E. Plasmodium vivax
7. Scarlet fever is caused by:
A. *Streptococcus pyogenes
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. Clostridium botulinum
E. Vibrio cholerae
8. Gastric ulcers are most often caused by:
A. stomach acid
B. indigestion
C. *infection with Helicobacter pylori
D. infection with Escherichia coli
E. all of the above
,9. A patient took clindamycin to treat his pneumonia condition. A few days later, he developed a severe diarrhea with extremely foul
smelling odor and his large intestines are getting inflamed and beginning to swell. The doctor switch to metronidazole and vancomycin
but the condition continued to get worse. Which is the most likely causative agent for his condition?
A. Borrelia burgdorferi
B. Haemophilus influenza
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. *Clostridium difficile
E. Streptococcus viridians
10. A patient took clindamycin to treat his pneumonia condition. A few days later, he developed a severe diarrhea with extremely foul
smelling odor and his large intestines are getting inflamed and beginning to swell. The doctor switch to metronidazole and vancomycin
but the condition continued to get worse. How do you treat that patient ?
A. treat with another broad-spectrum antibiotic such as tetracycline
B. treat with amphotericin B
C. treat with mebendazole
D. treat with vardenafil
E. *stop antibiotics and try fecal matter transplant
11. The patient is a 45-year-old female clerk with a history of mitral valve prolapse. She was admitted with a chief complaint of intermittent
fevers for 1 month and headaches for 3 weeks. Two weeks prior to developing symptoms, she had undergone a dental procedure for
which she took prophylactic erythromycin. Blood cultures on admission were positive for gram positive cocci in chains. She is
diagnosed with endocarditis. The cause of her infection is most likely to be:
A. Haemophilus influenzae
B. Chlamydia trachomatis
C. Borrelia burgdorferi
D. *Streptococcus viridans (mutans)
E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
12. The patient is a 45-year-old female clerk with a history of mitral valve prolapse. She was admitted with a chief complaint of intermittent
fevers for 1 month and headaches for 3 weeks. Two weeks prior to developing symptoms, she had undergone a dental procedure for
which she took prophylactic erythromycin. Blood cultures on admission were positive for gram positive cocci in chains. She is
diagnosed with endocarditis. The source of the organism is:
A. food
B. environmental water sources
C. intestine
D. human feces
E. *oral microbiota (flora)
13. The bacterium that is the most likely cause for “toxic shock syndrome” after surgery in a hospital is:
A. Clostridium difficile
B. Borrelia burgdorferi
C. Streptococcus viridans
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E. *Staphylococcus aureus
14. The virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis include:
A. *cell wall components
B. toxins
C. enzymes
D. capsule
E. all of the above
15. Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is based on:
A. PPD (tuberculin) skin test
B. chest X-ray
C. DNA probes
D. Acid fast tests
E. *all of the above
16. Unpasteurized milk may transmit which of the following disease?
A. Campylobacter jejuni
B. Listeria monocytogenes
, C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. *Both Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes
E. All of the choices shown
17. Two common bacteria that cause bacterial meningitis are:
A. Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae
B. Salmonella and Campylobacter
C. *Haemophilus influenzae (type B) and Streptococcus pneumoniae
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi
E. Neisseria meningitidis and Treponema pallidum
18. Whooping cough is most likely caused by:
A. Escherichia. coli
B. Vibrio cholerae
C. Staphylococcus epidermidis
D. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
E. *Bordetella pertussis
19. The bacteria that is ubiquitous and is the responsible for forming biofilm in wet surfaces is:
A. *Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B. Neisseria gonorrheae
C. Bordetella pertussis
D. Vibrio cholerae
E. Treponema pallidum
20. The bacteria that is present in the mouth that is responsible for most tooth decay is:
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C. Escherichia coli
D. *Streptococcus mutans (viridans)
E. Clostridium botulinum
21. The bacterium that can survive as endospores inside canned food and cause food poisoning is:
A. Treponema pallidum
B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
C. Escherichia coli
D. Bordetella pertussis
E. *Clostridium botulinum
22. The form of anthrax disease that is most fatal if left untreated is:
A. cutaneous anthrax
B. intestinal anthrax
C. *inhalation anthrax
D. all are equally fatal
E. anthrax does not normally cause fatality
23. Ticks can transmit what disease(s) ?
A. Borrelia burgdorferi
B. Rickettsia rickettsii
C. Treponema pallidum
D. *Both Borrelia burgdorferi and Rickettsia rickettsii
E. All of the choices shown
24. Necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eating syndrome) can be caused by:
A. Escherichia coli
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. Mycobacterium leprae
D. *Invasive group A Streptococcus
E. Neisseria meningitidis
25. The most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the USA is:
A. *Chlamydia trachomatis
B. Escherichia coli
C. Streptococcus pyogenes
D. Treponema pallidum
E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, 26. The bacteria that does not cross placenta but may cause eye infection and blindness when the baby is passing through the birth canal is:
A. Escherichia coli
B. Streptococcus pyogenes
C. Bordetella pertussis
D. *Neisseria gonorrhoeae
E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
27. Pneumonia caused by mycoplasma should be treated with:
A. penicillin
B. Valtrex
C. *erythromycin
D. vancomycin
E. there are no treatments for this disease
28. Which of the following is mismatched?
A. Bordetella pertussis – whooping cough
B. Treponema pallidum – syphilis
C. Chlamydia trachomatis – STD
D. *Staphylococcus aureus – strep throat
E. Escherichia coli – urinary tract infection
29. A likely cause for rheumatoid arthritis or rheumatic fever is:
A. a primary infection caused by a Streptococcus
B. a sexually transmitted disease
C. *the result of a cross-reaction between antibody to Group A streptococcus antigens and heart and joint tissues
D. a disease that is similar to Q-fever
E. preventable by immunization
30. Poultry (chicken) products are likely source of infection by:
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. *Salmonella enterica
C. Vibrio cholera
D. Shigella dysenteriae
E. Clostridium perfringens
31. Which of the following can be treated with erythromycin?
A. Staphylococcal food poisoning
B. *Infection with Legionella pneumophila
C. Hepatitis B
D. Trichinosis
E. Tapeworm infection
32. Urinary tract infections may be caused by:
A. Escherichia coli
B. Proteus
C. Klebsiella
D. Pseudomonas
E. *All of the choices shown
33. Bacillus anthracis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis cause different diseases, but all have
which one common virulence factor?
A. LPS
B. release of a neurotoxins
C. motility
D. slime layer
E. *capsule
34. A 10-yr old female was hospitalized with fever, lethargy, and rash. Gram-negative, diplococci were cultured from her cerebrospinal
fluid. Her symptoms are caused by:
