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Pharmacology
1.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for enalapril. The nurse should
monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication
hypotension
rationale: ACE drug, used to lower BP, can cause hypotension and postural hypotension, especially
during the first 3 hours of the initial dose
2.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a urinary tract infection and new
prescriptions for phenazopyridine and ciprofloxacin. Which of the following statements by
the client indicates a need for further teaching?
" I should notify my provider immediately if my urine turns orange"
rationale : phenazopyridine is a urinary tract analgesic used to relieve pain and burning
during urination. Medication can cause the client's urine to turn a reddish-orange color.
coloration can stain clothing this finding does not need to be reported to the provider.
3.
A nurse is caring for a client who has new diagnosis of oral candidiasis after taking
tetracycline for 7 days. The nurse should recognize that candidasis is a manifestation of
which of the following adverse effect ?
Superinfection
Rationale: superinfection can develop from the overgrowth of fungus due to the
antibacterial effect of tetracycline. The nurse should monitor the client for manifestations
of a superinfection, such as soreness of the mouth and a swollen tongue.
4.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for tamoxifen. The nurse should
recognize that tamoxifen has which of the following therapeutic effects?
Antiestrogenic
Rationale: Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen medication used to treat cancer of the breast in
both pre-and postmenopausal women who are at an increased risk
5.
A nurse is caring for a client who has peptic ulcer disease and reports a headache. Which
of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer?
acetaminophen
rationale: Acetaminophen is an analgesic used for mild to moderate pain. It can be
administered to a client who has peptic ulcer disease because it does not affect blood
coagulation and does not increase the risk of GI bleeding.
6.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for chlorothiazide to treat
hypertension. The nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following
adverse effect?
muscle weakness
Rationale: Cholorthiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension and CHF. It
promotes excretion of water and sodium, and potassium, and can cause hypokalemia.
Manifestations of hypokalemia include muscle weakness, muscle cramps, and
dysrhythmias.
7.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for ergotamine. The nurse should
recognize that ergotamine is administered to treat which of the following conditions?
migraine headaches
rationale: ergotamine prevents or stops a migraine headache by blocking alpha-adrenergic
receptors in the cranial peripheral vascular smooth muscle, causes vasoconstriction of
dilated cerebral blood vessels.
8.
,A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has gout and a new prescription for
allopurinol. The nurse should instruct the client to discontinue taking the medication for
which of the following adverse effects?
fever
rationale: fever can indicate a potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction. The client should
discontinue the allopurinol and notify the provider if a fever or rash develops.
9.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for
hydrochlorothiazide 50mg PO daily to treat hypertension. Which of the following
instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
take the hydrochlorothiazide in the morning
rationale: the client should take hydrochlorothiazide in the morning to allow for diuresis
during the day and prevent nocturia
10.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a class of new parents about medications. The nurse
should include that aspirin is contraindicated for children who have a viral infection due to
the risk of developing which of the following?
Reye's syndrome
rationale: aspirin should not be given to children or adolescents who have a viral infection,
such as chickenpox or influenza; due the risk of developing Reye's syndrome
11.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has taken methimazole for a thyroid disorder
during the past month. Which of the following findings demonstrates an expected response
to methimazole?
decrease in body temperature
rationale: methimazole inhibits thyroid production for a client who has hyperthyroidism.
increase body temperature with warm, moist skin is a manifestation of hyperthyroidism,
therefore a decreased body temperature is an expected response to the medication. Other
findings demonstrating effectiveness of the medication include decreased pulse rate and
decrease in metabolic rate, which allows the client to maintain a healthy body weight.
12.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a parent of a child who has asthma and a new
prescription for cromolyn metered dose inhaler. Which of the following statements by the
parent indicates a need for further teaching?
I will give my child a dose as soon as wheezing starts
rationale: Cromolyn is a mast cell inhibitor that has a slow onset and is given for
prophylactic treatment of asthma. It is not a rescue medication.
13.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about metoclopramide. the
nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following conditions is a
contraindication to this medication?
intestinal obstruction
rationale: Metoclopramide reduces nausea and vomiting by increasing gastric motility and
promoting gastric emptying. It is contraindicated for a client who has an intestinal
obstruction perforation
14.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a
prescription for long-term prednisone therapy. The nurse should instruct the client to
monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
stress fractures
15.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a prescription for zolpidem at bedtime to
promote sleep.
The nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effect?
Dizziness
, 16.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a new prescription for amitriptyline to
treat depression. Which of the following diagnostics tests should the nurse plan to obtain
prior to administering the medication?
electrocardiogram
Rationale: amitriptyline can cause tachycardia and ECG changes. Older adult is at risk for
cardiovascular effects of amitriptyline. therefore an ECG should be performed prior to the
start of therapy to obtain a baseline of the clients cardiovascular status.
17.
a nurse is caring for a client who has bronchitis and a prescripition for a mucolytic agent.
which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of this type
of medicaiton?
bronchospasm
18.
a client has been taking levothyroxine for 3 months. which of the following statements by
the client indicates that a decrease in the dosage of levo might be needed?
" I am having trouble getting to sleep at night "
19.
a nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking vasopressin for diabetes. which of the
following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of water intoxication
associated with this medication ?
headache
20.
an addidson disease patient is placed on fludrocortisone. which of the following pieces of
information should the nurse provide when explaining the purpose of this therapy?
mineralocorticoids maintain electrolyte and fluid balance
21.
a nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a 6 year old client who has asthma and
several prescription medications using a metered dose inhaler . what instructions should
the nurse include in the teaching ?
add a spacer to each MDI
22.
a nurse is caring for a client who has multiple medication allergies during which of the
following steps of the nursing process should the nurse identify the clients allergies?
data collection
23.
a nurse is caring for a client who has psudomonas infection and a new prescription for
ticarcillin-clavulanate. which of the following should the nurse collect befor administering
this medication?
baseline BUN and creatine
24.
a nurse is teaching a client who is experiencing age related vaginal atrophy and has a
prescription for estradiol cream. which of the following statements should the nurse
include in the teaching ?
this medication has fewer systemic effects than oral estrogen
25.
a nurse is administering brimonidine eye drops to a client who has glaucoma. which of the
following ocular effects should the nurse expect ?
decreased intraocular pressure
26.
which food is safe for a client to consume while taking phenelzine?
broiled beef steak
27.
Pharmacology
1.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for enalapril. The nurse should
monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication
hypotension
rationale: ACE drug, used to lower BP, can cause hypotension and postural hypotension, especially
during the first 3 hours of the initial dose
2.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a urinary tract infection and new
prescriptions for phenazopyridine and ciprofloxacin. Which of the following statements by
the client indicates a need for further teaching?
" I should notify my provider immediately if my urine turns orange"
rationale : phenazopyridine is a urinary tract analgesic used to relieve pain and burning
during urination. Medication can cause the client's urine to turn a reddish-orange color.
coloration can stain clothing this finding does not need to be reported to the provider.
3.
A nurse is caring for a client who has new diagnosis of oral candidiasis after taking
tetracycline for 7 days. The nurse should recognize that candidasis is a manifestation of
which of the following adverse effect ?
Superinfection
Rationale: superinfection can develop from the overgrowth of fungus due to the
antibacterial effect of tetracycline. The nurse should monitor the client for manifestations
of a superinfection, such as soreness of the mouth and a swollen tongue.
4.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for tamoxifen. The nurse should
recognize that tamoxifen has which of the following therapeutic effects?
Antiestrogenic
Rationale: Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen medication used to treat cancer of the breast in
both pre-and postmenopausal women who are at an increased risk
5.
A nurse is caring for a client who has peptic ulcer disease and reports a headache. Which
of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer?
acetaminophen
rationale: Acetaminophen is an analgesic used for mild to moderate pain. It can be
administered to a client who has peptic ulcer disease because it does not affect blood
coagulation and does not increase the risk of GI bleeding.
6.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for chlorothiazide to treat
hypertension. The nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following
adverse effect?
muscle weakness
Rationale: Cholorthiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension and CHF. It
promotes excretion of water and sodium, and potassium, and can cause hypokalemia.
Manifestations of hypokalemia include muscle weakness, muscle cramps, and
dysrhythmias.
7.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for ergotamine. The nurse should
recognize that ergotamine is administered to treat which of the following conditions?
migraine headaches
rationale: ergotamine prevents or stops a migraine headache by blocking alpha-adrenergic
receptors in the cranial peripheral vascular smooth muscle, causes vasoconstriction of
dilated cerebral blood vessels.
8.
,A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has gout and a new prescription for
allopurinol. The nurse should instruct the client to discontinue taking the medication for
which of the following adverse effects?
fever
rationale: fever can indicate a potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction. The client should
discontinue the allopurinol and notify the provider if a fever or rash develops.
9.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for
hydrochlorothiazide 50mg PO daily to treat hypertension. Which of the following
instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
take the hydrochlorothiazide in the morning
rationale: the client should take hydrochlorothiazide in the morning to allow for diuresis
during the day and prevent nocturia
10.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a class of new parents about medications. The nurse
should include that aspirin is contraindicated for children who have a viral infection due to
the risk of developing which of the following?
Reye's syndrome
rationale: aspirin should not be given to children or adolescents who have a viral infection,
such as chickenpox or influenza; due the risk of developing Reye's syndrome
11.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has taken methimazole for a thyroid disorder
during the past month. Which of the following findings demonstrates an expected response
to methimazole?
decrease in body temperature
rationale: methimazole inhibits thyroid production for a client who has hyperthyroidism.
increase body temperature with warm, moist skin is a manifestation of hyperthyroidism,
therefore a decreased body temperature is an expected response to the medication. Other
findings demonstrating effectiveness of the medication include decreased pulse rate and
decrease in metabolic rate, which allows the client to maintain a healthy body weight.
12.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a parent of a child who has asthma and a new
prescription for cromolyn metered dose inhaler. Which of the following statements by the
parent indicates a need for further teaching?
I will give my child a dose as soon as wheezing starts
rationale: Cromolyn is a mast cell inhibitor that has a slow onset and is given for
prophylactic treatment of asthma. It is not a rescue medication.
13.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about metoclopramide. the
nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following conditions is a
contraindication to this medication?
intestinal obstruction
rationale: Metoclopramide reduces nausea and vomiting by increasing gastric motility and
promoting gastric emptying. It is contraindicated for a client who has an intestinal
obstruction perforation
14.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a
prescription for long-term prednisone therapy. The nurse should instruct the client to
monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
stress fractures
15.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a prescription for zolpidem at bedtime to
promote sleep.
The nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effect?
Dizziness
, 16.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a new prescription for amitriptyline to
treat depression. Which of the following diagnostics tests should the nurse plan to obtain
prior to administering the medication?
electrocardiogram
Rationale: amitriptyline can cause tachycardia and ECG changes. Older adult is at risk for
cardiovascular effects of amitriptyline. therefore an ECG should be performed prior to the
start of therapy to obtain a baseline of the clients cardiovascular status.
17.
a nurse is caring for a client who has bronchitis and a prescripition for a mucolytic agent.
which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of this type
of medicaiton?
bronchospasm
18.
a client has been taking levothyroxine for 3 months. which of the following statements by
the client indicates that a decrease in the dosage of levo might be needed?
" I am having trouble getting to sleep at night "
19.
a nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking vasopressin for diabetes. which of the
following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of water intoxication
associated with this medication ?
headache
20.
an addidson disease patient is placed on fludrocortisone. which of the following pieces of
information should the nurse provide when explaining the purpose of this therapy?
mineralocorticoids maintain electrolyte and fluid balance
21.
a nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a 6 year old client who has asthma and
several prescription medications using a metered dose inhaler . what instructions should
the nurse include in the teaching ?
add a spacer to each MDI
22.
a nurse is caring for a client who has multiple medication allergies during which of the
following steps of the nursing process should the nurse identify the clients allergies?
data collection
23.
a nurse is caring for a client who has psudomonas infection and a new prescription for
ticarcillin-clavulanate. which of the following should the nurse collect befor administering
this medication?
baseline BUN and creatine
24.
a nurse is teaching a client who is experiencing age related vaginal atrophy and has a
prescription for estradiol cream. which of the following statements should the nurse
include in the teaching ?
this medication has fewer systemic effects than oral estrogen
25.
a nurse is administering brimonidine eye drops to a client who has glaucoma. which of the
following ocular effects should the nurse expect ?
decreased intraocular pressure
26.
which food is safe for a client to consume while taking phenelzine?
broiled beef steak
27.
