NUR 2349 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
How to keep a person safe at the different ages.
Infant/Toddler. Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death for children ages 1 to 3,
followed by drowning. Falls, choking, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and ingesting
poisons are other critical safety concerns.
Preschooler. Motor vehicle injuries are a major cause of accidental death, along with drowning,
fires, and poisoning. Falls are the primary cause of nonfatal injuries. After age 3 years, children
are a little less prone to falls because their gross and fine motor skills, coordination, and balance
have improved.
School-Age Child. Motor vehicles continue to be the leading cause of accidental death in this
age group. The leading cause of nonfatal injury is falls. School-age children have developed
more refined muscle coordination and control, and their decision-making skills have improved.
However, because they become more involved in activities outside the home, bone and muscle
injuries are common. Injuries are often related to sports, skateboarding, bicycle riding, and
playground injuries.
Adolescent. The leading cause of death in this group is motor vehicle accidents, followed by
homicide—both fre- quently associated with alcohol and drug use. Sports and recreational
injuries, including diving and drowning incidents are also common, especially when drinking and
drug use are involved.
Adult. Among people 35 to 54 years old, unintentional poisoning causes more deaths than
motor vehicle accidents (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2010a). Workplace
injury may also be a significant concern. Other injuries to adults are related to lifestyle (e.g.,
excessive alcohol use), stress, carelessness, abuse, and decline in strength and stamina.
Older Adult. Although many older adults have intact senses that enable them to continue to
enjoy life as they age, physiological changes do occur (e.g., reduced muscle strength and joint
mobility; slowing of reflexes; decreased ability to respond to multiple stimuli; and sensory
losses, particularly hearing and vision). These changes increase the older adult’s risk for falls,
burns, car accidents, and other injury. Falls are the most common cause of accidental death for
adults age 65 and older
Environment
In a health care facility
Foreign object left in patient after surgery
Air embolism
Severe pressure ulcers
Falls and trauma
Infections associated with urinary catheters
Infections associated with intravenous catheters
Symptoms resulting from poorly controlled blood sugar levels
Surgical site infections following elective procedures
DVT or PE following total knee and total hip replacement procedures
Equipment and related accidents – inoperable and improper use of equipment leads to harm
Fires and electrical hazards
Restraints AVOID at all costs, Joint Commission promotes the following staff
interventions:
Promote among all direct care staff a commitment to reduce the use
Educate caregivers
Document restraint episode in completed DETAIL
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, Maintain 1:1 viewing
Discuss ongoing use of restraint with other team members
Make sure enough staff is available
“restraints be medically prescribed and that you first try all less restrictive interventions”
Pass-pull aim squeeze sweep
Needlestick Injuries
DO NOT walk with sharps, ask facility to use needleless systems, do not reach into a
sharps container (page 660, Basic Nursing Concepts, Skills, and Reasoning)
VIOLENCE
Hospital staff may not be sufficient to help in an emergency as they most likely will not
be present. Understand how people escalate and communicate with staff of possible MH
concerns.
At home
Poisoning – Has increased in Adults (about 2,000 ER visits daily)
Poisonous agents commonly Ingested by children:
Household cleaners – Drain cleaners
Medicines, including OTC
Certain Houseplants
Cosmetics – mouthwash, nail polish
Pesticides
Kerosene, gasoline, lighter fluid, paint thinner, lamp oil, antifreeze…
Wild plants- some are
Alcoholic Beverages
Scalds and Burns
Hot water/Steam
Warming food in microwave – especially baby formula
Sunburn
Contact burns
Chemical burns
Fires
Cooking
Smoking
Home Oxygen Administration (75% involve smoking)
Firearms
Gun safety is important with children around
Lock them up
Teach children a proper respect
When age appropriate teach gun safety
Suffocation/Asphyxiation
Drowning, choking, inhaling gas or smoke
Care around infants – food, small objects
Smothering in infants under 1 year of age due to too many blankets and pillows
Take-Home Toxins
Transported from work to home – the transfer of “pathogenic microorganisms, asbestos,
lead, mercury, arsenic, pesticides, caustic farm products, and dozens of other agents” are usually
This study source was downloaded by 100000841138256 from CourseHero.com on 05-25-2022 03:14:05 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/32333259/Exam-1-Study-Guidedocx/
How to keep a person safe at the different ages.
Infant/Toddler. Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death for children ages 1 to 3,
followed by drowning. Falls, choking, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and ingesting
poisons are other critical safety concerns.
Preschooler. Motor vehicle injuries are a major cause of accidental death, along with drowning,
fires, and poisoning. Falls are the primary cause of nonfatal injuries. After age 3 years, children
are a little less prone to falls because their gross and fine motor skills, coordination, and balance
have improved.
School-Age Child. Motor vehicles continue to be the leading cause of accidental death in this
age group. The leading cause of nonfatal injury is falls. School-age children have developed
more refined muscle coordination and control, and their decision-making skills have improved.
However, because they become more involved in activities outside the home, bone and muscle
injuries are common. Injuries are often related to sports, skateboarding, bicycle riding, and
playground injuries.
Adolescent. The leading cause of death in this group is motor vehicle accidents, followed by
homicide—both fre- quently associated with alcohol and drug use. Sports and recreational
injuries, including diving and drowning incidents are also common, especially when drinking and
drug use are involved.
Adult. Among people 35 to 54 years old, unintentional poisoning causes more deaths than
motor vehicle accidents (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2010a). Workplace
injury may also be a significant concern. Other injuries to adults are related to lifestyle (e.g.,
excessive alcohol use), stress, carelessness, abuse, and decline in strength and stamina.
Older Adult. Although many older adults have intact senses that enable them to continue to
enjoy life as they age, physiological changes do occur (e.g., reduced muscle strength and joint
mobility; slowing of reflexes; decreased ability to respond to multiple stimuli; and sensory
losses, particularly hearing and vision). These changes increase the older adult’s risk for falls,
burns, car accidents, and other injury. Falls are the most common cause of accidental death for
adults age 65 and older
Environment
In a health care facility
Foreign object left in patient after surgery
Air embolism
Severe pressure ulcers
Falls and trauma
Infections associated with urinary catheters
Infections associated with intravenous catheters
Symptoms resulting from poorly controlled blood sugar levels
Surgical site infections following elective procedures
DVT or PE following total knee and total hip replacement procedures
Equipment and related accidents – inoperable and improper use of equipment leads to harm
Fires and electrical hazards
Restraints AVOID at all costs, Joint Commission promotes the following staff
interventions:
Promote among all direct care staff a commitment to reduce the use
Educate caregivers
Document restraint episode in completed DETAIL
This study source was downloaded by 100000841138256 from CourseHero.com on 05-25-2022 03:14:05 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/32333259/Exam-1-Study-Guidedocx/
, Maintain 1:1 viewing
Discuss ongoing use of restraint with other team members
Make sure enough staff is available
“restraints be medically prescribed and that you first try all less restrictive interventions”
Pass-pull aim squeeze sweep
Needlestick Injuries
DO NOT walk with sharps, ask facility to use needleless systems, do not reach into a
sharps container (page 660, Basic Nursing Concepts, Skills, and Reasoning)
VIOLENCE
Hospital staff may not be sufficient to help in an emergency as they most likely will not
be present. Understand how people escalate and communicate with staff of possible MH
concerns.
At home
Poisoning – Has increased in Adults (about 2,000 ER visits daily)
Poisonous agents commonly Ingested by children:
Household cleaners – Drain cleaners
Medicines, including OTC
Certain Houseplants
Cosmetics – mouthwash, nail polish
Pesticides
Kerosene, gasoline, lighter fluid, paint thinner, lamp oil, antifreeze…
Wild plants- some are
Alcoholic Beverages
Scalds and Burns
Hot water/Steam
Warming food in microwave – especially baby formula
Sunburn
Contact burns
Chemical burns
Fires
Cooking
Smoking
Home Oxygen Administration (75% involve smoking)
Firearms
Gun safety is important with children around
Lock them up
Teach children a proper respect
When age appropriate teach gun safety
Suffocation/Asphyxiation
Drowning, choking, inhaling gas or smoke
Care around infants – food, small objects
Smothering in infants under 1 year of age due to too many blankets and pillows
Take-Home Toxins
Transported from work to home – the transfer of “pathogenic microorganisms, asbestos,
lead, mercury, arsenic, pesticides, caustic farm products, and dozens of other agents” are usually
This study source was downloaded by 100000841138256 from CourseHero.com on 05-25-2022 03:14:05 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/32333259/Exam-1-Study-Guidedocx/
