NUR 2349 Study guide for
Nursing I Exam 1
Medications that put patients at risks for falls
o ACE inhibitors, antipsychotics (atypical), beta blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists,
Antipsychotics/Neuroleptics, Calcium Channel blockers, antiarrhythmic, anxiolytics, diuretics,
anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines (long & intermediate acting), opioid analgesics, antidepressants, and
skeletal muscle relaxants.
Restraints
o Mechanical device/material/equipment such as cloth vests or side rails
o Chemical restraint such as medication- sedatives and psychotropic.
o Devices such as casts and traction are not considered restraints
o Avoid when possible, use the lowest level of restraint available for the least amount of time needed
o Maintain one-on-one viewing of patient in restraints/seclusion, document episodes specifically in detail
for documentation and future orders.
o Remove restraints q 2 hours to provide skin care. Reapplication of restraints can be delegated to an AP,
a new order for restraints must be given at least every 24 hours. Re-evaluation is every 4 hours.
Medication error/safe administration
o 10 rights of medications- Right: Patient, drug, dose, time, route, assessment, education, documentation,
evaluation, refusal. (PDDTRAEDER- p.d.d.-trader)
o Components of a complete physician order- generic, brand-when appropriate, metric dose/strength,
frequency, duration, route, indication. (GBMFDRI- Good Boy My Friend Drug Results Insufficient)
o Prior knowledge before administrating- medication category class, mechanism of action, therapeutic
effect, side effects, adverse effects, toxic effects, medication interactions,
precautions/contraindications, preparations/dosage admin, nursing implications.
o Tall man lettering
o No abbreviations
Sentinel event
o Unexpected occurrence involving death or serious injury. Always warrants the need for immediate
investigation and response.
o Scope of errors
o Latent (blunt end) - care coordination, documentation, electronic records
o Active (sharp end) - prevention of decubitus ulcers, medication administration (10 rights and
components of a physician med order), fall prevention, invasive procedures, diagnostic
workup, recognition of/action on adverse events, communication.
o Categories of errors
o Diagnostic, treatment, preventive, communication
Communication as a concept of safety
o Appearance, posture, gait, facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, sounds, territory, and personal
space- creating a therapeutic environment helps the client become more relaxed and thus being more
open to listening to directions.
o Language- if there is a language barrier an interpreter must be must to avoid any confusion on
directions on lifestyle/medication/mobility questions
Providing safety for your patients as well as yourself
o Healthcare facility/hospital
o Back injury- use proper body mechanics, lift from knees no the back, do not twist at the
waist, keep the line of gravity through the center, wide base of support
o Needle stick injury- take time to adjust hand out of the way before administration, never
recap needles if not needed, use safety devices properly, dispose of needles promptly in the
, NUR 2349 Study guide for
Nursing I Exam 1
sharps container
o Keep a path from you towards the door in emergency situations
, NUR 2349 Study guide for
Nursing I Exam 1
o Always ask for help or use devices when available
Safety hazards in the home setting, hospital, and community setting
o Home
o Poisoning- household chemicals, lead, medicines, cosmetics. Prevention- cabinet locks, store
poisons high, keep poison control number available. Treatment depends on the poison
ingested (antidotes, charcoal, etc.)
o Carbon monoxide poisoning- produced by burning fuel, gas, wood, oil, kerosene.
Preventions- carbon monoxide detector, grill in an open ventilated area, do not turn the car
on inside closed garage. Treatment- 100% humidified oxygen.
o Scalds and burns- Hot water, grease, sunburn, cigarettes. Preventions- guardrails by
fireplace, turning pot handles towards the back of the oven, care with candles, sunscreen,
and care when removing food from microwave. Treatment- depends on the burn extend and
type (usually hydration and dressing)
o Fires- cooking fires, smoke inhalation, home heating equipment. Prevention- smoke alarms,
caution with cigarettes, fire extinguisher, no candles unattended, safety with holiday lights,
care electrical cords
o Falls- prevalent in those older than 65 years, slippery floors, stairs, tubs, low toilet seat, high
bed. Prevention- nonskid shoes, tidy clothes, proper lighting, grab bars/rails, no scatter rugs,
remove clutter, tape cords to baseboards or hide under rug if no bump is created.
o Firearms injuries- youth suicides, domestic violence. Prevention- firearms safety education
for parents and children, proper locked storage, keep ammunition separate.
o Suffocation/Asphyxiation- drowning, choking, smoke/gas inhalation, children 0-4yrs at
highest risk. Prevention- watch for small removable parts, cut food into tiny pieces, pay
attention to mobiles, strings, cords, and plastic bags, pool barrier, know the Heimlich
maneuver.
o Take home toxins- Pathogenic microorganisms, asbestos, lead, mercury, arsenic. Prevention-
be aware of workplace preventive measures, remove work clothing promptly, shower, use
gloves
o RACE: Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish
o PASS: Pull, aim, squeeze, sweep.
o Community
o Motor vehicle injuries- failure to use seatbelts, use of alcohol, pedestrian accidents, non-
deployment of airbag. Prevention- Avoid distractions in car (cellphone, texts, loud music),
use designated driver, use seat belts, proper age dependent restraints for children.
o Community-acquired pathogens- food borne, vector borne. Prevention for foodborne- proper
storage, cleaning/cooking of foods, clean cooking surfaces, attention to folk remedies.
Prevention for vector borne- draining standing water, insect repellents, protect skin contact
with insects, wipe out breeding areas.
o Pollution- air, water, noise, soil. Prevention- proper disposal and recycling of solid wastes,
environmentally safe products, car pool/pubic transports, ear plugs.
o Electrical storms- Prevention- seek lowest spot possible, seek shelter in large building away
from water, do not use metal objects.
Car safety
o Motor-vehicle injuries
o Use an approved rear-facing car seat in the back seat, preferably in the middle, should be rear
facing till 2/20lbs or the maximum height and weight (better option). Five-point harness. Back
seat till 13years. Use a booster seat till adult belts fit correctly (not underneath chin but directly
Nursing I Exam 1
Medications that put patients at risks for falls
o ACE inhibitors, antipsychotics (atypical), beta blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists,
Antipsychotics/Neuroleptics, Calcium Channel blockers, antiarrhythmic, anxiolytics, diuretics,
anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines (long & intermediate acting), opioid analgesics, antidepressants, and
skeletal muscle relaxants.
Restraints
o Mechanical device/material/equipment such as cloth vests or side rails
o Chemical restraint such as medication- sedatives and psychotropic.
o Devices such as casts and traction are not considered restraints
o Avoid when possible, use the lowest level of restraint available for the least amount of time needed
o Maintain one-on-one viewing of patient in restraints/seclusion, document episodes specifically in detail
for documentation and future orders.
o Remove restraints q 2 hours to provide skin care. Reapplication of restraints can be delegated to an AP,
a new order for restraints must be given at least every 24 hours. Re-evaluation is every 4 hours.
Medication error/safe administration
o 10 rights of medications- Right: Patient, drug, dose, time, route, assessment, education, documentation,
evaluation, refusal. (PDDTRAEDER- p.d.d.-trader)
o Components of a complete physician order- generic, brand-when appropriate, metric dose/strength,
frequency, duration, route, indication. (GBMFDRI- Good Boy My Friend Drug Results Insufficient)
o Prior knowledge before administrating- medication category class, mechanism of action, therapeutic
effect, side effects, adverse effects, toxic effects, medication interactions,
precautions/contraindications, preparations/dosage admin, nursing implications.
o Tall man lettering
o No abbreviations
Sentinel event
o Unexpected occurrence involving death or serious injury. Always warrants the need for immediate
investigation and response.
o Scope of errors
o Latent (blunt end) - care coordination, documentation, electronic records
o Active (sharp end) - prevention of decubitus ulcers, medication administration (10 rights and
components of a physician med order), fall prevention, invasive procedures, diagnostic
workup, recognition of/action on adverse events, communication.
o Categories of errors
o Diagnostic, treatment, preventive, communication
Communication as a concept of safety
o Appearance, posture, gait, facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, sounds, territory, and personal
space- creating a therapeutic environment helps the client become more relaxed and thus being more
open to listening to directions.
o Language- if there is a language barrier an interpreter must be must to avoid any confusion on
directions on lifestyle/medication/mobility questions
Providing safety for your patients as well as yourself
o Healthcare facility/hospital
o Back injury- use proper body mechanics, lift from knees no the back, do not twist at the
waist, keep the line of gravity through the center, wide base of support
o Needle stick injury- take time to adjust hand out of the way before administration, never
recap needles if not needed, use safety devices properly, dispose of needles promptly in the
, NUR 2349 Study guide for
Nursing I Exam 1
sharps container
o Keep a path from you towards the door in emergency situations
, NUR 2349 Study guide for
Nursing I Exam 1
o Always ask for help or use devices when available
Safety hazards in the home setting, hospital, and community setting
o Home
o Poisoning- household chemicals, lead, medicines, cosmetics. Prevention- cabinet locks, store
poisons high, keep poison control number available. Treatment depends on the poison
ingested (antidotes, charcoal, etc.)
o Carbon monoxide poisoning- produced by burning fuel, gas, wood, oil, kerosene.
Preventions- carbon monoxide detector, grill in an open ventilated area, do not turn the car
on inside closed garage. Treatment- 100% humidified oxygen.
o Scalds and burns- Hot water, grease, sunburn, cigarettes. Preventions- guardrails by
fireplace, turning pot handles towards the back of the oven, care with candles, sunscreen,
and care when removing food from microwave. Treatment- depends on the burn extend and
type (usually hydration and dressing)
o Fires- cooking fires, smoke inhalation, home heating equipment. Prevention- smoke alarms,
caution with cigarettes, fire extinguisher, no candles unattended, safety with holiday lights,
care electrical cords
o Falls- prevalent in those older than 65 years, slippery floors, stairs, tubs, low toilet seat, high
bed. Prevention- nonskid shoes, tidy clothes, proper lighting, grab bars/rails, no scatter rugs,
remove clutter, tape cords to baseboards or hide under rug if no bump is created.
o Firearms injuries- youth suicides, domestic violence. Prevention- firearms safety education
for parents and children, proper locked storage, keep ammunition separate.
o Suffocation/Asphyxiation- drowning, choking, smoke/gas inhalation, children 0-4yrs at
highest risk. Prevention- watch for small removable parts, cut food into tiny pieces, pay
attention to mobiles, strings, cords, and plastic bags, pool barrier, know the Heimlich
maneuver.
o Take home toxins- Pathogenic microorganisms, asbestos, lead, mercury, arsenic. Prevention-
be aware of workplace preventive measures, remove work clothing promptly, shower, use
gloves
o RACE: Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish
o PASS: Pull, aim, squeeze, sweep.
o Community
o Motor vehicle injuries- failure to use seatbelts, use of alcohol, pedestrian accidents, non-
deployment of airbag. Prevention- Avoid distractions in car (cellphone, texts, loud music),
use designated driver, use seat belts, proper age dependent restraints for children.
o Community-acquired pathogens- food borne, vector borne. Prevention for foodborne- proper
storage, cleaning/cooking of foods, clean cooking surfaces, attention to folk remedies.
Prevention for vector borne- draining standing water, insect repellents, protect skin contact
with insects, wipe out breeding areas.
o Pollution- air, water, noise, soil. Prevention- proper disposal and recycling of solid wastes,
environmentally safe products, car pool/pubic transports, ear plugs.
o Electrical storms- Prevention- seek lowest spot possible, seek shelter in large building away
from water, do not use metal objects.
Car safety
o Motor-vehicle injuries
o Use an approved rear-facing car seat in the back seat, preferably in the middle, should be rear
facing till 2/20lbs or the maximum height and weight (better option). Five-point harness. Back
seat till 13years. Use a booster seat till adult belts fit correctly (not underneath chin but directly
