PHLEBOTOMY FINAL TEST
Special venipuncture Ans:Are samples drawn under special conditions
Time Ans:(Time test) Diurnal variation or normal changes during the day (blood level in
medicine)
*Two hours post-prandial* Ans:Specimen drawn two hours after meal
Reasons for time specimem Ans:Therapeutic medication,blood level, cardiac enzymes for heart
patients (time spec.)
Glucose tolerance test Ans:OGTT measures the ability to metabolize a large oral dose of sugar.
Fasting Ans:Specimen taken in basal state (no food or physical activity) abstain food for 8 to 12
hours.
Lipemia or lipemic Ans:Is due to the concentration of fat in blood after a meal. Serum appears
cloudy.
Glucose testing Ans:The most common test ordered (diabetes mellitus)
TDM (therape utic drug monitoring Ans:Therapeutic Drug Monitoring...Testing of drug levels
at specific intervals to help establish a drug dosage, maintain the dosage at a therapeutic level, or
avoid drug toxicity.
BC test Ans:Blood Culture
Glycolysis Ans:Is the breaking down of glucose into acid.
Heparin lock Ans:Is a special winged needle left in the patient's vein for 48 to 72 hours (when
multiple drawn is needed)
PKU Test Ans:Special test performed in infants to determine mental retardation. ,
*Phenulketonuria* A genetic abnormality in which a child cannot metabolize *phenylalanine*,
an amino acid, which consequently builds up in the body and causes mental retardation. If
treated with a special diet, retardation is prevented
*Special specimen handling* Ans:*Special specimens are:*
1.Cold agglutinis
2.Chilled specimens
3.Light sensitive specimens
, Dermal Punctures Ans:Are perform when venipuncture is inadvisable
Cold agglutinis Ans:Are antibodies produced in response to* Mycoplasma pneumoniae*
infection (pneumonia) specimen must keep warm until serum is separated.
How to keep *Cold agglutinis sample) Ans:Must be kept pre-warmed in the incubator at 37
degrees celsius for 30 minutes.(antibodies may attack RBC below body temp).
Examples of chilled specimens Ans:a. *Piruvate*
b.* (ACTH*
c. *Gastrin*
d.Parathyroid hormone
Examples of light sensitive specimes Ans:1. Bilirrubin
2.Beta-carotene
3.Vitamin A, B6
4. Porphyrins
ESR (Erithrocite sedimentation rate) Ans:Requires a full drawn
Dermal venipuncture should never: Ans:Be perform with a surgical blade, since is difficult to
control the depth.
Size of lancet Ans:0.85mm for adults and 3.0mm for infants.
DERMAL PUNTURE FOR INFANTS Ans:The heel is used for infants less than a year.(medial
and lateral areas of the plantar face)
American academic of pediatric Ans:Recommends that heels puncture in infants do not exceed
2.0 mm
Precautions with dermal puncture in infants Ans:Dermal puncture precautions
1. do not puncture deeper than 2.0 mm
2. Do not use previous punctured sites
3. Do not use the back of the heel or arch of the foot
4. Use the medial and lateral areas
*Dermal puncture* in older children and adults Ans:The distal segment of the* fourth of third
finger* of the non-dominant hand,(fleshy portion of finger slightly to the side of the center)
Dermal puncture procedure Ans:1.Identify the patient
2. Assemble the equipment
3.Warm or milk the site (essential) three minutes
4Clean the site use 70% Isopropyl alcohol.
Order of draw for capillary specimen Ans:1. Lavender
Special venipuncture Ans:Are samples drawn under special conditions
Time Ans:(Time test) Diurnal variation or normal changes during the day (blood level in
medicine)
*Two hours post-prandial* Ans:Specimen drawn two hours after meal
Reasons for time specimem Ans:Therapeutic medication,blood level, cardiac enzymes for heart
patients (time spec.)
Glucose tolerance test Ans:OGTT measures the ability to metabolize a large oral dose of sugar.
Fasting Ans:Specimen taken in basal state (no food or physical activity) abstain food for 8 to 12
hours.
Lipemia or lipemic Ans:Is due to the concentration of fat in blood after a meal. Serum appears
cloudy.
Glucose testing Ans:The most common test ordered (diabetes mellitus)
TDM (therape utic drug monitoring Ans:Therapeutic Drug Monitoring...Testing of drug levels
at specific intervals to help establish a drug dosage, maintain the dosage at a therapeutic level, or
avoid drug toxicity.
BC test Ans:Blood Culture
Glycolysis Ans:Is the breaking down of glucose into acid.
Heparin lock Ans:Is a special winged needle left in the patient's vein for 48 to 72 hours (when
multiple drawn is needed)
PKU Test Ans:Special test performed in infants to determine mental retardation. ,
*Phenulketonuria* A genetic abnormality in which a child cannot metabolize *phenylalanine*,
an amino acid, which consequently builds up in the body and causes mental retardation. If
treated with a special diet, retardation is prevented
*Special specimen handling* Ans:*Special specimens are:*
1.Cold agglutinis
2.Chilled specimens
3.Light sensitive specimens
, Dermal Punctures Ans:Are perform when venipuncture is inadvisable
Cold agglutinis Ans:Are antibodies produced in response to* Mycoplasma pneumoniae*
infection (pneumonia) specimen must keep warm until serum is separated.
How to keep *Cold agglutinis sample) Ans:Must be kept pre-warmed in the incubator at 37
degrees celsius for 30 minutes.(antibodies may attack RBC below body temp).
Examples of chilled specimens Ans:a. *Piruvate*
b.* (ACTH*
c. *Gastrin*
d.Parathyroid hormone
Examples of light sensitive specimes Ans:1. Bilirrubin
2.Beta-carotene
3.Vitamin A, B6
4. Porphyrins
ESR (Erithrocite sedimentation rate) Ans:Requires a full drawn
Dermal venipuncture should never: Ans:Be perform with a surgical blade, since is difficult to
control the depth.
Size of lancet Ans:0.85mm for adults and 3.0mm for infants.
DERMAL PUNTURE FOR INFANTS Ans:The heel is used for infants less than a year.(medial
and lateral areas of the plantar face)
American academic of pediatric Ans:Recommends that heels puncture in infants do not exceed
2.0 mm
Precautions with dermal puncture in infants Ans:Dermal puncture precautions
1. do not puncture deeper than 2.0 mm
2. Do not use previous punctured sites
3. Do not use the back of the heel or arch of the foot
4. Use the medial and lateral areas
*Dermal puncture* in older children and adults Ans:The distal segment of the* fourth of third
finger* of the non-dominant hand,(fleshy portion of finger slightly to the side of the center)
Dermal puncture procedure Ans:1.Identify the patient
2. Assemble the equipment
3.Warm or milk the site (essential) three minutes
4Clean the site use 70% Isopropyl alcohol.
Order of draw for capillary specimen Ans:1. Lavender
