English final 2022 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT

English final Read the excerpts from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech and Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address." Roosevelt: Since the beginning of our American history, we have been engaged in change—in a perpetual peaceful revolution—a revolution which goes on steadily, quietly adjusting itself to changing conditions—without the concentration camp or the quick-lime in the ditch. The world order which we seek is the cooperation of free countries, working together in a friendly, civilized society. This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Lincoln: It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Which theme is expressed in both excerpts? Ans: Americans must continue the deceased soldiers' fight to preserve both democracy and equality. Read the excerpt from The Dark Game: True Spy Stories from Invisible Ink to CIA Moles. Yet, by the time Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant at Appomattox, Virginia, some four years later, about 620,000 soldiers had died on the battlefields, more than American battle deaths in all other wars from the Revolution through the Vietnam War. What is the author's primary purpose for including this detail? Ans: to persuade readers of the seriousness of the American Civil War Which can readers use to find the meaning of an unfamiliar word? Check all that apply. Ans: - root words - word endings - parts of speech Which transitional words show cause and effect? Check all that apply. Ans: - so - thus - therefore - consequently Read the excerpt from The Dark Game: True Spy Stories from Invisible Ink to CIA Moles. Wyke's work was always delicate and demanding, more so in the damp and confined space. Gently and carefully, Wyke scraped the dirt until he found the three cables encased in black rubber and, he believed, pressurized by nitrogen, a common practice in the 1950s to keep moisture out of cables. He knew that once he cut through the rubber sheathing on the cables, the nitrogen would escape. The resulting drop in pressure would be detected by the Soviets. The engineers solved this potential problem by building a concrete barrier with a steel door to pressurize the tap chamber and separate it from the pre-amp room. (It turned out that the cables were not pressurized.) Wyke next attached wires to the exposed cable—probably with alligator clips—and began to draw power from the cables. Once again, the work called for a deft hand. If he drew off too much power, the Soviets would be sure to notice it. As expected, Wyke did a masterful job, and the tapping began on May 11, 1955. Which sentence best states the controlling idea of the passage? Ans: Caution and precision enabled Wyke's cable-tapping success. Central ideas are the most _____ ideas in a text. Ans: important Read the passage. The town council of Hopewell has proposed that the vacant lot at the end of Elm Street be converted into a parking lot. While this unused land may seem like a suitable location, the nearby residents have many objections. For example, the youth in nearby neighborhoods enjoy using the lot for recreation. Many pet owners appreciate the undeveloped land because it allows dogs a place to run. Adding cars and pavement to this cherished natural area would be a grave error. The town council should observe the lot and all its uses before taking action. Which phrase best reveals the author's viewpoint? Ans: grave error Peter is writing about this excerpt from The Code Book. A variation on the Trojan horse is a brand-new piece of encryption software that seems secure, but which actually contains a backdoor, something that allows its designers to decrypt everybody's messages. In 1998, a report by Wayne Madsen revealed that the Swiss cryptographic company Crypto AG had built backdoors into some of its products, and had provided the U.S. Government with details of how to exploit these backdoors. As a result, America was able to read the communications of several countries. Which of Peter's lines shows that he is using personal experience to understand the reading? Ans: Hidden messages can be shared through a backdoor in encryption software. It reminds me of the way I leave my kitchen door open so the cat can come in. Read this excerpt from The Dark Game. Another thing that changed very little in the years between the wars was the means of obtaining military intelligence. Although the use of photography and the telegraph brought some technological advances, the craft of spying on the enemy's army still relied on fieldwork. In the rest of the text, how does the author develop this central idea that spying during the Civil War still involved mostly fieldwork? Ans: by including more detailed information about who did fieldwork for the Union and how it was done Read the sentence. Alma plans to visit London and Paris, where her parents went on their first trip together as a married couple. What best describes the underlined part of the sentence, and why? Ans: It is a nonrestrictive relative clause because it begins with a relative pronoun, has both a subject and a verb, and is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Abigail is writing a comparative essay about two books. She would like to write an in-depth analysis of each book and then compare them. Which organizational style would work best for Abigail? Ans: blocking Read a student's reaction to a nonfiction article. Summary: I read an article by Alfred Jenson about oil spills. Jenson has crossed the Arctic Ocean many times on vessels designed for exploration and research. He believes oil spills can be prevented with stricter international regulations governing oil transport. Controlling Idea: The controlling idea of Jenson's article is that many oil spills have occurred in recent years in the Arctic Ocean. What must the student add to make this controlling idea complete? Ans: Jenson's viewpoint Which are examples of an expository writing style? Check all that apply. Ans: - More than a hundred million e-mails are sent around the world each day, and they are all vulnerable to interception. - Other attacks include the use of viruses and Trojan horses. - Only a small fraction of the information flowing around the world is securely encrypted. Read this paragraph from The Dark Game. It may seem surprising that no Confederate sympathizers took action against Van Lew, given her strong and public views on secession and slavery. Surely there were suspicions, especially among her upper-crust neighbors, but the matter never went beyond those suspicions. Historians have suggested that the secessionists were victims of their own cultural bias, believing that no aristocratic person, and certainly not a lady, would ever consider taking part in anything as impolite as spying. A true lady managed her servants, prepared parties and gatherings, and blindly supported her husband. Such attitudes worked in Van Lew's favor, diverting suspicion from her. What central idea is implied in this paragraph? Ans: Elizabeth Van Lew was a successful spy because society did not expect a lady to serve in that role. Which phrases include sensory language? Check all that apply. Ans: - the softly drifting snow - the bumpy, twisted tree - the scarred, stained rug Read the excerpt from The Code Book. A theoretical breakthrough would be a fundamentally new way of finding Alice's private key. If a theory is an idea, then something theoretical is Ans: unproven. The most important details in a text point to the Ans: central idea Read the excerpt from "The Most Dangerous Game." "Ah, indeed?" the general inquired solicitously. "Well, I suppose that's only natural, after your long swim. You need a good, restful night's sleep. Tomorrow you'll feel like a new man, I'll wager. Then we'll hunt, eh? I've one rather promising prospect—" Rainsford was hurrying from the room. The general's claim that he has "one rather promising prospect" for tomorrow's hunt is an example of Ans: irony Read this paragraph from The Dark Game. When the war began, Elizabeth Van Lew was considered a southern "spinster." She was in her early forties and unmarried. What could she do, she wondered, to serve her country? The answer came to her when she recalled her father's aunt Letitia telling her how she had ministered to the captured troops of the Continental army during the American Revolution, especially those who had been wounded in action. What is the best summary of this paragraph? Ans: Elizabeth Van Lew wanted to help during the Civil War and drew inspiration from a relative who had taken care of wounded Revolutionary soldiers. Read the excerpt from The Code Book. A theoretical breakthrough would be a fundamentally new way of finding Alice's private key. Alice's private key consists of p and q, and these are found by factoring the public key, N. The standard approach is to check each prime number one at a time to see if it divides into N, but we know that this takes an unreasonable amount of time. Which statement is best supported by this excerpt? Ans: The author writes with great scientific detail. Read the paragraph. Some people think that healthy snacks lack flavor, but that is not true. Popcorn, which was first enjoyed by the people of Peru over five thousand years ago, is not only healthy but also quite delicious. The high rate of popcorn consumption among Americans supports this claim. Because popcorn is relatively high in nutritional value, is fairly inexpensive, and lends itself to a variety of cooking methods, it is one of the most popular American snack foods. What is the hook in this paragraph? Ans: Popcorn, which was first enjoyed by the people of Peru over five thousand years ago, is not only healthy but also quite delicious.