Summary IB Sports Exercise Health Science Notes (ALL TOPICS)

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CORE
Topic 1
Anatomy
:




Topic 2 Exercise physiology
:




Topic 3 Energy Systems
:




Topic 4 Moment Analysis
:




Topic 5 skill in Sports
:




Topic 6 Measurements and Evaluation
:




of Human Performance


Additional Higher Level ( AHL)
further
Topic 7
Anatomy
:




Topic 8 : The Endocrine
System
Topic 9 fatigue
:




Topic 10 : Friction & Drag
Topic 11 skills Acquisition : and Analysis
Topic 12 : Genetics and Athletic Performance
13 : Exercise and
Topic Immunity
Ashley Wong

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1. 1 The Skeletal
/
System
1. 2 / The Muscular System




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, 1. I Skeletal System July 21st
/ The 2021
,




1.1.1 /
Distinguish anatomically between the axial and appendicular skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton Axial Skeleton

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-


Pectoral Girdle -


skull
clavicle
•


scapulae clavicles >
* -



sternum & ribs




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Humerus sternum vertebral column 1331
scapula
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- -



,


-
Radius and ulna •B• ribs -
cervical vertebrae 171




:*
-


carpals humerus noooooo .
'

thoracic vertebrae 112 )
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Ulna




:*
metacarpals lumbar vertebrae 151




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•
-




sacral vertebrae
phalanges 151
-
•




carpals
pelvic girdle coccyx 141
- '




•

ilium
phalanges ÷ ilium


metacarpals ischium
•
ischium


pubis
'




femur
-



femur Patella Axial Skeleton

patella
-




tibia
Appendicular Skeleton
-




tibia and fibula
-




tarsals fibula tarsals



metatarsals
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.
metatarsals
phalanges
-




1.1.2 / between the axial and appendicular skeleton interns of function
Distinguish
1) Protection :
protect vital organs Appendicular Skeleton
'




Axial skeleton

2) Attachment attachment points for :
muscles
-

Attachment -
Protection
3) Support :

organs and tissues require structure
-



Support -


Attachment
4) Movement :
attachment of muscles
-




Movement -




Support
5) Store minerals :
minerals such as calcium
-
store minerals -

Movement

6) Produce red and white blood cells
-




produce red and white blood cells




1.1.3 /
Statethefourtypesofbone
-




Long bone -


Flat Bones
↳ essential for movement ↳ have curved surfaces

-
femur humerus clavicles ↳
protect organs
,
>


↳ allow muscle attachment
-


Short Bones -

cranium ribs sternum
> ,


↳ cube shaped bones
↳
provides strength for intricate movements Irregular Bones
-




Vertebrae
weight-bearing sacrum
coccyx
'
-




, >


carpals tarsals
'




,




1.1.5 /
Apply anatomical terminology to the location of bones
inferior : below /further from the head proximal to where limb attaches to the
body
:
near a
away
-
-




↳ Knees ↳ shoulder hand
are inferior to the shoulders is proximal to the

superior above orneartothehead distal further away from where
alimbattachestothebody
-
: -
:



↳ skull is ↳ the hand is distal in relation to the shoulder
superior to the shoulders


of the posterior behind to the back
medial
body
closer to the midline
: :
or nearer
-
-




↳ ↳ vertebral column is
thecoccyxismedialtothecarp.us posterior to the sternum
-


lateral away from the centre lmidlineofthebody
: -



anterior :
infront or nearer to the front

↳ the humerus is lateral tithe sternum ↳ sternum is anterior to the vertebrae

, 1.1.4 /
Drawandannotatethestructureofalongbone




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spongy




-
-
-




Diaphysis
Epiphysis /
(compact

spongy bone )
:
bone ) :
along shaft covered by the periosteum
two end portions covered
Articular cartilage :a blueish white smooth surface that reduces
friction and
by articular cartilage ÷ compact
bone

blood
vessel


cavity
iii.




absorbs shock
Bone
Marrow Diaphysis
Cavity :
marrow
-


contains bone marrow

-




Capillaries : supply oxygenated blood periosteum
'

Periosteum : the thatwrapsaroundtheboneandactsas protection
-
-


skin




1.1.6 / Outline the functions of connectives tissues
articular
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/ Epiphysis
Tendons : which attach muscles -10 bones cartilage
strong strips
Ligaments : strong bands that connect bonestobonesatjoint
Cartilage : soft cushioning substance that covers the ends of bones
-




>
acts as a shock absorber and,



reduces friction


1.1.7 /
Definethetermjoint
Joint : where two bones meet to articulate with eachother



1.1.9 / Outline the features of
between the different
a
synovial joint 1.1.8 -
Distinguish types ofjointin
Articular
cartilage
: the line of hyaline cartilage relationtomovementpermitted
thatallowsjointmovementandprotectsthejoint
from dislocation , reduces friction > absorbs shock Fibrous ( fixed )
and protects the bone ↳ no movement allowed

synovial fluid : liquid that coats and lubricates
articular
cartilage preventing
,

friction Cartilaginous
↳ limited movement allowed
.




Synovial Membrane :
lubricates the joint
reduces
synovial
cavity which ↳ most common the
friction
joint body
in

↳
freely moving joints synovial
that contain
Bursae : small fluid in a
cavity around
articulating bones
fluid-filled sacs

which prevents friction

Meniscus : semilunar discsmadeoutoffibrocartilagepads found between some
articulating bones
Allow bones to fit for the
together tightly and they provide cushioning joint

1.
1.IO/Listthedifferenttypesofsynovialjoints
Synovial Joint Type Of Movement Example
Hinge Flexion and extension elbow / Kneejoint
o Pivotpotationofonebonearoundanothertopofnecklradioulnarj
flexion, extension > adduction abduction
Ball and socket , shoulder / hip joint
and rotation
flexion extension adduction abduction wrist joint
condyloid > > ,


and circumduction ( between the radius & carpal bones )

flexion extension adduction abduction thumb lbetweenthecarpalbonelthe
saddle ,
, >


dndcircumduction metacarpal bone )

Gliding Gliding movements tarsal / carpal bones