GCSE BIOLOGY Higher Tier Paper 1H Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minute

Plants transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves. 0 1 . 1 Plants move mineral ions: • from a low concentration in the soil • to a high concentration in the root cells. What process do plants use to move these minerals ions into root cells? [1 mark] Tick one box. Active transport Diffusion Evaporation Osmosis 0 1 . 2 Describe how water moves from roots to the leaves. [2 marks] Question 1 continues on the next page4 SPECIMEN MATERIAL Plants lose water through the stomata in the leaves. The epidermis can be peeled from a leaf. The stomata can be seen using a light microscope. Table 1 shows the data a student collected from five areas on one leaf. Table 1 Leaf area Number of stomata Upper surface Lower surface 1 3 44 2 0 41 3 1 40 4 5 42 5 1 39 Mean 2 X 0 1 . 3 Describe how the student might have collected the data in Table 1. [3 marks]5 SPECIMEN MATERIAL 0 1 . 4 What is the median number of stomata on the upper surface of the leaf? [1 mark] 0 1 . 5 Calculate the value of X in Table 1. Give your answer to 2 significant figures. [2 marks] Mean number of stomata on lower surface of leaf = 0 1 . 6 The plant used in this investigation has very few stomata on the upper surface of the leaf. Explain why this is an advantage to the plant. [2 marks] Turn over for the next question6 SPECIMEN MATERIAL 0 2 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a disease affecting plants. Figure 1 shows a leaf infected with TMV. Figure 1 0 2 . 1 All tools should be washed in disinfectant after using them on plants infected with TMV. Suggest why. [1 mark] 0 2 . 2 Scientists produced a single plant that contained a TMV-resistant gene. Suggest how scientists can use this plant to produce many plants with the TMV-resistant gene. [1 mark]7 SPECIMEN MATERIAL 0 2 . 3 Some plants produce fruits which contain glucose. Describe how you would test for the presence of glucose in fruit. [2 marks] 0 2 . 4 TMV can cause plants to produce less chlorophyll. This causes leaf discoloration. Explain why plants with TMV have stunted growth. [4 marks] Turn over for the next question8 SPECIMEN MATERIAL 0 3 Microorganisms cause infections. The human body has many ways of defending itself against microorganisms. 0 3 . 1 Describe two ways the body prevents the entry of microorganisms. [2 marks] 1 29 SPECIMEN MATERIAL 0 3 . 2 In 2014 the Ebola virus killed almost 8 000 people in Africa. Drug companies have developed a new drug to treat Ebola. Explain what testing must be done before this new drug can be used to treat people. [6 marks] Turn over for the next question10