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GCSE BIOLOGY Higher Tier Paper 2H Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minute

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Charles Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection. Many people at the time did not accept his theory. 0 1 . 1 There was a different theory at the same time as Darwin’s theory. The different theory said that changes in an organism during its life could be inherited. Who proposed this theory? [1 mark]3 SPECIMEN MATERIAL 0 1 . 2 Studying fossils helps scientists understand how living things have evolved. Figure 1 shows a fossilised snake. Figure 1 Explain how the fossil in Figure 1 may have formed. [3 marks] Question 1 continues on the next page4 SPECIMEN MATERIAL There are many types of rat snake in the world. Table 1 shows two types of rat snake Table 1 Type of snake Japanese rat snake Texas rat snake Colour of snake Green Pale brown Type of environment Grass Dry and dusty5 SPECIMEN MATERIAL 0 1 . 3 The different types of rat snake have evolved from similar ancestors. The rat snakes have evolved to suit their environments. Explain how the Japanese rat snake evolved to be different from the Texas rat snake. [4 marks] 0 1 . 4 Many species of snake have become extinct. Give one reason why a species might become extinct. [1 mark] Turn over for the next question6 SPECIMEN MATERIAL 0 2 A gardener wants to add compost to the soil to increase his yield of strawberries. The gardener wants to make his own compost. 0 2 . 1 An airtight compost heap causes anaerobic decay. Explain why the gardener might be against producing compost using this method. [2 marks]7 SPECIMEN MATERIAL The gardener finds this research on the internet: ‘A carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25:1 will produce fertile compost.’ Look at Table 2. Table 2 Type of material to compost Mass of carbon in sample in g Mass of nitrogen in sample in g Carbon:nitrogen ratio Chicken manure 8.75 1.25 7:1 Horse manure 10.00 0.50 20:1 Peat moss 9.80 0.20 X 0 2 . 2 Determine the ratio X in Table 2

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SPECIMEN MATERIAL




GCSE
BIOLOGY
Higher Tier Paper 2H
H
Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler
• a calculator.

Instructions
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.

Information
• There are 100 marks available on this paper.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.
• When answering questions 01.3, 02.4, 03.3, 04.2 and 08.2 you need to make sure that your answer:
‒ is clear, logical, sensibly structured
‒ fully meets the requirements of the question
‒ shows that each separate point or step supports the overall answer.

Advice
In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.




Please write clearly, in block capitals, to allow character computer recognition.

Centre number Candidate number

Surname

Forename(s)


Candidate signature

, 2


0 1 Charles Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection.

Many people at the time did not accept his theory.




0 1 . 1 There was a different theory at the same time as Darwin’s theory.

The different theory said that changes in an organism during its life could be
inherited.

Who proposed this theory?
[1 mark]




SPECIMEN MATERIAL

, 3


0 1 . 2 Studying fossils helps scientists understand how living things have evolved.

Figure 1 shows a fossilised snake.


Figure 1




Explain how the fossil in Figure 1 may have formed.
[3 marks]




Question 1 continues on the next page




SPECIMEN MATERIAL

, 4

There are many types of rat snake in the world.

Table 1 shows two types of rat snake

Table 1




Type of snake Japanese rat snake Texas rat snake

Colour of snake Green Pale brown

Type of environment Grass Dry and dusty




SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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Number of pages
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