Fluid and Electrolytes NCLEX Questions

Fluid and Electrolytes NCLEX Questions Fluid and Electrolytes NCLEX Questions Fluid and Electrolytes NCLEX Questions A client's kidneys are retaining increased amounts of sodium. The nurse plans care, anticipating that the kidneys also are retaining greater amounts of which substances? A. Calcium and Chloride B. Chloride and bicarbonate C. Potassium and Phosphates D. Aluminum and magnesium - Answer: B. Rationale: Sodium is a cation. With increased retention of sodium, the kidneys also increase reabsorption of chloride and bicarbonate, which are anions. Options 1 and 3 are incorrect because calcium and potassium are cations. The same is true for option 4. A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube (NGT) who has a prescription for NGT irrigation once every 8 hours. To maintain homeostasis, which solution should the nurse use to irrigate the NGT? A. Tap water B. Sterile Water C. 0.9% Sodium Chloride D. 0.45% Sodium Chloride - Answer: C Rationale: Homeostasis is maintained by irrigating with an isotonic solution, such as 0.9% sodium chloride. Tap water, sterile water, and sodium chloride are hypotonic solutions. The nurse is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The nurse reviews the client's record and determines that the client was at risk for developing the potassium deficit because of which situation? A. Sustained tissue damage B. Requires Nasogastric suction C. Has a history of Addison's disease D. Is taking a potassium-retaining diuretic - Answer: B. Rationale: The normal serum potassium level is 3.5 mEq/L to 5.0 mEq/L. A potassium deficit is known as hypokalemia. Potassium-rich gastrointestinal fluids are lost through gastrointestinal suction, placing the client at risk for hypokalemia. The client with tissue damage or Addison's disease and the client taking a potassium-retaining diuretic are at risk for hyperkalemia. A nurse is assisting in the care of a client with pheochromocytoma who has been experiencing clinical manifestations of hypermagnesemia. When evaluating the client, the nurse should determine that the client's status is returning to normal if which is no longer exhibited? A. Tetany B. Tremors C. Areflexia D. Muscular excitability - Answer: C Rationale: Signs of hypermagnesemia include neurological depression, drowsiness and lethargy, loss of deep tendon reflexes (areflexia), respiratory paralysis, and loss of consciousness. Tetany, muscular excitability, and tremors are seen with hypomagnesemia.