Essentials of Nursing Practice ch. 18
Acidosis
An increase of hydrogen ions producing a lower pH
Active transport
The movement of materials across the cell membrane by means of chemical activity that allows the cell
to admit larger molecules than would otherwise be possible
ADH
The hormone that decreases the production of urine by increasing the re-absorption of water by the
renal tubules. ADH is secreted by cells of the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the
pituitary gland; Regulates osmolality of body fluids by influencing how much water is excreted in urine.
Aldosterone
A mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with action in the renal tubule to
regulate sodium and potassium balance in the blood; regulates ECV by influencing how much sodium
and water are excreted in urine.
, Allogeneic transfusion
infusion of a donor's blood into a patient.
Alkalosis
A decrease of hydrogen ions that produces a higher pH
Angiotensin
A polypeptide occurring in the blood, causing vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and the
release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
Anion gap
The difference between the concentrations of serum cations and anions, determined by measuring the
concentrations of sodium cations and chloride and bicarbonate anions
Anions
Negatively charged electrolytes; Cl, HCO3 (bicarb), phosphate
Arterial blood gas
The oxygen and carbon dioxide content of arterial blood, measured by various methods to assess the
adequacy of ventilation and oxygenation and the acid-base status of the body; effective method of
evaluating acid-base balance and oxygenation.
Acidosis
An increase of hydrogen ions producing a lower pH
Active transport
The movement of materials across the cell membrane by means of chemical activity that allows the cell
to admit larger molecules than would otherwise be possible
ADH
The hormone that decreases the production of urine by increasing the re-absorption of water by the
renal tubules. ADH is secreted by cells of the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the
pituitary gland; Regulates osmolality of body fluids by influencing how much water is excreted in urine.
Aldosterone
A mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with action in the renal tubule to
regulate sodium and potassium balance in the blood; regulates ECV by influencing how much sodium
and water are excreted in urine.
, Allogeneic transfusion
infusion of a donor's blood into a patient.
Alkalosis
A decrease of hydrogen ions that produces a higher pH
Angiotensin
A polypeptide occurring in the blood, causing vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and the
release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
Anion gap
The difference between the concentrations of serum cations and anions, determined by measuring the
concentrations of sodium cations and chloride and bicarbonate anions
Anions
Negatively charged electrolytes; Cl, HCO3 (bicarb), phosphate
Arterial blood gas
The oxygen and carbon dioxide content of arterial blood, measured by various methods to assess the
adequacy of ventilation and oxygenation and the acid-base status of the body; effective method of
evaluating acid-base balance and oxygenation.
