Angina Pectoris
• Aka Chest Pain
• Chest pain due to a CAD related to decrease myocardial oxygen
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Narrowing/obstruction of coronary artery
↓
Myocardial cells become ischemic
↓
Decrease blood supply to the myocardium
↓
Anaerobic metabolism
(A process when the myocardium is trying to survive without oxygen)
↓
Lactic Acid Production
(irritant that causes chest pain)
↓
Angina Pectoris/
Chest Pain
ASSESSMENT
➢ Levine’s sign – closed first over the chest
➢ Chest pain
– squeezing, burning, pressing, tightness
– left retrosternal/Substernal Area (behind the sternum)
– Radiating to LEFT arm shoulder Levine’s Sign
– Relieved by nitroglycerin and rest
– Short lasting (maximum of 10 minutes)
➢ Weakness/Numbness – upper extremities
➢ Shortness of Breath
➢ Pallor and Diaphoresis
➢ Dizziness
➢ Nausea and Vomiting
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
➢ ECG
- ST Depression or T-wave inversion
➢ Coronary Angiography
- Evaluates the condition of coronary artery
- CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR CHD
- Assess for allergy to contrast dye (iodine/seafood)
➢ Stress Testing
- Most widely use for diagnosing Ischemic Heart Disease
- Recording ECG before, during, after exercise
• Aka Chest Pain
• Chest pain due to a CAD related to decrease myocardial oxygen
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Narrowing/obstruction of coronary artery
↓
Myocardial cells become ischemic
↓
Decrease blood supply to the myocardium
↓
Anaerobic metabolism
(A process when the myocardium is trying to survive without oxygen)
↓
Lactic Acid Production
(irritant that causes chest pain)
↓
Angina Pectoris/
Chest Pain
ASSESSMENT
➢ Levine’s sign – closed first over the chest
➢ Chest pain
– squeezing, burning, pressing, tightness
– left retrosternal/Substernal Area (behind the sternum)
– Radiating to LEFT arm shoulder Levine’s Sign
– Relieved by nitroglycerin and rest
– Short lasting (maximum of 10 minutes)
➢ Weakness/Numbness – upper extremities
➢ Shortness of Breath
➢ Pallor and Diaphoresis
➢ Dizziness
➢ Nausea and Vomiting
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
➢ ECG
- ST Depression or T-wave inversion
➢ Coronary Angiography
- Evaluates the condition of coronary artery
- CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR CHD
- Assess for allergy to contrast dye (iodine/seafood)
➢ Stress Testing
- Most widely use for diagnosing Ischemic Heart Disease
- Recording ECG before, during, after exercise
