FINALS STUDY GUIDE FOR ANTHRO 2A
Module 9
Video 28: Intro to Colonialism
I. Macro & Local Levels of Social Analysis
a. Looking at details and looking broadly
b. Local: single society, what are they doing in this particular village or society?
c. Macro: relations between societies, broader relationships, even globally
i. Productions for global markets, colonialism, labor migration
ii. Huge effect on what happens locally
II. History of Current Global World
a. Imperialism and Colonialism
i. Imperialism: practice of running an empire (WHOLE practice of empire)
1. People society dominating other societies through
conquest, forming a government to govern them, economic
controls
2. Includes indirect controls
ii. Colonialism: direct administration of conquered territory; special kind
of imperialism; provide their own government
1. British conquered present-day India (colonialism); sent
British officials to rule over them
2. Opium Wars (British vs Chinese) = imperialism, not colonialism
a. Dynasty still ruled over China
th
b. Late 15 century: Western & Northern Europe
i. Begin undergoing changes with relations to rest of world
ii. They used to be the conquered ones; they were weaker
iii. Conquered rest of the world and established regimes and colonialism
c. Three Waves of Western Europe Imperialism
i. “Discovery” of the New World (Americas)
1. Columbus did not discover, Native Americans lived here first
2. Spain, Portugal were taking over the world throughout 16th,
and then other nations began to pick up
3. ^ United Provinces of Netherlands, Great Britain, France
4. Imperialism: similar model to former empires
a. Turkish empires (Moors/Spain), Greeks, Romans
b. Collected from people, enslaved them, take their land
ii. Early Industrial Capitalism
1. Great Britain in 18th and 19th centuries
a. New socioeconomic change = industrial capitalism
b. New economic demands, need colonies now for
different reasons than for before
i. Raw materials for industry (cotton, cash
1
, crops, sugar
2
, ii. Markets: people need to buy the things they
were producing
1. Didn’t need to conquer people, sometimes
you can just use puppet leaders
th th
iii. Late 19 and early 20 centuries
1. Other nations industrialize
2. Germany, France now caught up with GB
3. Dividing up the world
4. Japan is going through industrialization, defeated Russia in WWI
a. Became its own colonial power
III. How to Profit from Colonies
a. Direct settlement of Overseas Territory
i. Send people to conquered realms to develop industries and markets
1. Some people voluntarily came over or were forced to
2. Penal Colonies: prisoners moved to colonial areas
b. Develop resource extraction
i. Mining: tin
ii. Plantations growing cash groups: growing on a massive scale
1. Sugar cane for middle class
2. Coffee
3. Cotton
4. Rubber
c. Make Use of Labor of Local Peoples
i. Make surplus because slavery or paying them little for labor
ii. How to force them to work?
iii. Direct coercion, force them against their will
1. Slave Trade (Africas)
2. Blackbirding in the Pacific
a. Kidnapping them and forcing them into indentured
servant life
b. Indentured servant: contract between worker
and employer, pay comes at end of contract
3. Conscription
a. Force people to do stuff against their will
b. Colonial Fischer
c. Colonists and ugly white people forced people to do othis
d. Military service included
iv. Indirect Means
1. Taxes
a. Charge taxes to government
b. Forces people to work
c. Taxes had to be paid in currency of colonial power
2. Take away people’s lands
a. Take enough away so they don’t meet their various needs
3
, b. No choice but to work on plantations
i. British Colonial Administration of Kenya
1. Took land to deprive local peoples and
force them to work
Video 29: Colonialism’s Impact upon the Colonized
I. Impacts of Colonialism upon the Colonized
a. Depopulation
i. Populations collapsed
1. Due to disease
a. N/S America & Pacific Islands where they did not
have immunity to diseases known to Europe
b. Smallpox, measles, influenza destroyed populations
c. Most contagious before you even know you have
the disease
d. Native American Populations
i. 15th century estimates: 50 million people
ii. 1700: down to 5million people
iii. Drop of 90% of people
iv. Destruction of social order
b. Wars of Conquest and Subjugation
i. Resisting conquest by colonizers
1. Herero in German in Southwest Africa
a. 19th century Germans came and took grazing land and
left natives with poor land and poor cattle
b. Herero Revolt in 1904 and pushed Germans out
c. Sent 1500 Germans troops in response and retook the land
d. 100,000 Herero people 20,000 by 1906
c. Genocide
i. Systematically trying to kill of an entire collective of people (race)
1. Native Americans in California (1850s)
2. Agenda and mindset of white people = Manifest Destiny;
believed that it was God’s plan to spread from East to West
a. We give meanings to space (bar vs church)
ii. The Frontier
1. Cultural ordering of space
a. Frontier (West) vs East
b. West = nature, East = culture
c. West = chaos, East = order
d. To sweep across country, had to transform west and
turn nature culture
e. To tame the Wild West, put roads, railway lane, bridges,
get rid of vermin
4
Module 9
Video 28: Intro to Colonialism
I. Macro & Local Levels of Social Analysis
a. Looking at details and looking broadly
b. Local: single society, what are they doing in this particular village or society?
c. Macro: relations between societies, broader relationships, even globally
i. Productions for global markets, colonialism, labor migration
ii. Huge effect on what happens locally
II. History of Current Global World
a. Imperialism and Colonialism
i. Imperialism: practice of running an empire (WHOLE practice of empire)
1. People society dominating other societies through
conquest, forming a government to govern them, economic
controls
2. Includes indirect controls
ii. Colonialism: direct administration of conquered territory; special kind
of imperialism; provide their own government
1. British conquered present-day India (colonialism); sent
British officials to rule over them
2. Opium Wars (British vs Chinese) = imperialism, not colonialism
a. Dynasty still ruled over China
th
b. Late 15 century: Western & Northern Europe
i. Begin undergoing changes with relations to rest of world
ii. They used to be the conquered ones; they were weaker
iii. Conquered rest of the world and established regimes and colonialism
c. Three Waves of Western Europe Imperialism
i. “Discovery” of the New World (Americas)
1. Columbus did not discover, Native Americans lived here first
2. Spain, Portugal were taking over the world throughout 16th,
and then other nations began to pick up
3. ^ United Provinces of Netherlands, Great Britain, France
4. Imperialism: similar model to former empires
a. Turkish empires (Moors/Spain), Greeks, Romans
b. Collected from people, enslaved them, take their land
ii. Early Industrial Capitalism
1. Great Britain in 18th and 19th centuries
a. New socioeconomic change = industrial capitalism
b. New economic demands, need colonies now for
different reasons than for before
i. Raw materials for industry (cotton, cash
1
, crops, sugar
2
, ii. Markets: people need to buy the things they
were producing
1. Didn’t need to conquer people, sometimes
you can just use puppet leaders
th th
iii. Late 19 and early 20 centuries
1. Other nations industrialize
2. Germany, France now caught up with GB
3. Dividing up the world
4. Japan is going through industrialization, defeated Russia in WWI
a. Became its own colonial power
III. How to Profit from Colonies
a. Direct settlement of Overseas Territory
i. Send people to conquered realms to develop industries and markets
1. Some people voluntarily came over or were forced to
2. Penal Colonies: prisoners moved to colonial areas
b. Develop resource extraction
i. Mining: tin
ii. Plantations growing cash groups: growing on a massive scale
1. Sugar cane for middle class
2. Coffee
3. Cotton
4. Rubber
c. Make Use of Labor of Local Peoples
i. Make surplus because slavery or paying them little for labor
ii. How to force them to work?
iii. Direct coercion, force them against their will
1. Slave Trade (Africas)
2. Blackbirding in the Pacific
a. Kidnapping them and forcing them into indentured
servant life
b. Indentured servant: contract between worker
and employer, pay comes at end of contract
3. Conscription
a. Force people to do stuff against their will
b. Colonial Fischer
c. Colonists and ugly white people forced people to do othis
d. Military service included
iv. Indirect Means
1. Taxes
a. Charge taxes to government
b. Forces people to work
c. Taxes had to be paid in currency of colonial power
2. Take away people’s lands
a. Take enough away so they don’t meet their various needs
3
, b. No choice but to work on plantations
i. British Colonial Administration of Kenya
1. Took land to deprive local peoples and
force them to work
Video 29: Colonialism’s Impact upon the Colonized
I. Impacts of Colonialism upon the Colonized
a. Depopulation
i. Populations collapsed
1. Due to disease
a. N/S America & Pacific Islands where they did not
have immunity to diseases known to Europe
b. Smallpox, measles, influenza destroyed populations
c. Most contagious before you even know you have
the disease
d. Native American Populations
i. 15th century estimates: 50 million people
ii. 1700: down to 5million people
iii. Drop of 90% of people
iv. Destruction of social order
b. Wars of Conquest and Subjugation
i. Resisting conquest by colonizers
1. Herero in German in Southwest Africa
a. 19th century Germans came and took grazing land and
left natives with poor land and poor cattle
b. Herero Revolt in 1904 and pushed Germans out
c. Sent 1500 Germans troops in response and retook the land
d. 100,000 Herero people 20,000 by 1906
c. Genocide
i. Systematically trying to kill of an entire collective of people (race)
1. Native Americans in California (1850s)
2. Agenda and mindset of white people = Manifest Destiny;
believed that it was God’s plan to spread from East to West
a. We give meanings to space (bar vs church)
ii. The Frontier
1. Cultural ordering of space
a. Frontier (West) vs East
b. West = nature, East = culture
c. West = chaos, East = order
d. To sweep across country, had to transform west and
turn nature culture
e. To tame the Wild West, put roads, railway lane, bridges,
get rid of vermin
4
