NSG 323 Exam 3 Questions and answers 100% correct

NSG 323 Exam 3 What are Freud's five Psychosexual stages of Development? ANS: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital What is the oral stage? ANS: birth-1.5 years, mouth is the primary source of pleasure What is the task for the oral stage? ANS: develop trust for needs to be met What personality structure is present during the oral stage? ANS: Id (pleasure/pain principle) What is the anal stage? ANS: 1.5-3 years, toilet training What is the task of the anal stage? ANS: o Reality principle- postpone immediate discharge of energy and seek actual object to satisfy needs What is the personality structure developed during the anal stage? ANS: Ego (deferring pleasure) What is the phallic stage? ANS: 3-7 years, moral values What is the task of the phallic stage? ANS: develop sexual identity through same sex partent What is the personality structure developed during the phallic stage? ANS: superego (morals) What is the latency stage? ANS: 7-12 years, de-sexualization What is the task of the latency stage? ANS: form close relationships with same-sex peers What is the genital stage? ANS: 13-20, Fluctuation regarding emotional stability and physical maturation, ambivalent and labile, seeking life goals and emancipation from parents, dependence vs independence, appraisal of parents and self; intense peer-loyalty What is the task during the genital stage? ANS: form close relationships with members of the opposite sex based on genuine caring and pleasure from interaction What are the three personality structures in Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory? ANS: id, ego, superego Id ANS: pleasure principle, reflex action (sexual pleasure) Ego ANS: sense of self and acts as intermediary between the id and the world by using ego defense mechanisms such as repression, denial, and rationalization Superego ANS: moral component, greatly influenced by parents and upbringing Which part of the personality structure balances the three components? ANS: ego What are the three levels of awareness? ANS: conscious, preconscious, unconscious What is the biggest level of awareness, the "iceberg"? ANS: unconscious What are the attributes of the unconscious mind? ANS: primitive feelings, drives and memories, especially unwanted memories On what level do defense mechanisms develop? ANS: unconscious What is the purpose of defense mechanisms? ANS: helps our reality to feel less threatening What are Erickson's 8 stages of development? ANS: infancy, early childhood, preschool, school age, adolescent, young adult, middle -aged, older adult Infancy ANS: 0-1.5, trust vs mistrust Danger and task during infancy? ANS: o Danger- separation may cause mistrust o Task- develop trust Early-childhood ANS: 1.5-3, autonomy vs shame and doubt Danger and task during early childhood? ANS: o Danger- develop sense of shame/doubt is child is not able to rebel o Task- gain self-control and independence within environment Preschool ANS: 3-6, initiative vs guilt Danger and task for preschool? ANS: o Danger- develop conviction that he/she is bad, with a result that morality may be stifled to vindictiveness o Task- achieve a sense of purpose and self-mastery over tasks School age ANS: 6-12, industry vs inferiority Danger and task for school age? ANS: o Danger- sense of inadequacy when child is not recognized o Task- gain a sense of self-confidence and recognition through learning, competing , and performing successfully Adolescent ANS: 12-20, identity vs role confusion Danger and task for adolescent? ANS: o Danger- temporary identity diffusion (instability) may result in permanent inability to integrate a personal identity o Task- integrate all the tasks previously mastered into a secure sense of self Young adult ANS: 20-35, intimacy vs isolation Danger and tasks for young adults? ANS: o Danger- fear of losing identity may prevent intimate relationships and result in a deep sense of isolation o Task- form long-term relationships and commit to another person Middle-aged ANS: 35-65, generativity vs stagnation Danger and task for middle age? ANS: o Danger- lack of generativity results in self-absorption and stagnation o Task- achieve life goals and obtain concern and awareness of future generations Older adult ANS: 65 years to death, integrity vs despair Danger and task for older adult? ANS: o Danger- without accrued ego integration there is despair, marked by displeasure and distrust o Task- derive meaning from one's whole life and obtain/maintain a sense of self-worth Who is Harry Stack Sullivan? ANS: first American born psychiatrist - personality dynamics and disorders are caused by social forces and interpersonal situations to get our needs met. Human beings are driven by need for socialization and early relationships with others are significant for development. Infancy (Sullivan) ANS: o 0-1.5 years Mothering objects relieves tension, good mother or bad mother o Goal is biological satisfaction and psychological security o Anxiety in mother creates anxiety in child What are the tasks in infancy (Sullivan)? ANS: learn to trust for satisfaction and security Childhood (Sullivan) ANS: o 1.5-6years Muscular maturation and learning to talk o Social skills through consensual validation o Develop self-esteem What are the tasks in childhood (Sullivan)? ANS: learn to delay satisfaction of wishes with relative comfort Juvenile (Sullivan) ANS: o 6-9 years Learning to deal with outside world, reflections and revisions of self-image and parental images What is the task of the juvenile stage (Sullivan)? ANS: develop satisfying interpersonal relationships with peers that involve competition and compromise Pre-adolescence (Sullivan) ANS: 9-12 years o Develop intimate interpersonal relationship with person of same sex who is similar to self What is the task of the pre-adolescence stage (Sullivan)? ANS: learn to care for others of same sex outside the family, "normal homosexual phase" Adolescence (Sullivan) ANS: o Early adolescence- 12-14 years o Establish satisfying relationships with the opposite sex o Last adolescence- 14-20 years o Interdependent and establishing durable sexual relations with a select member of the opposite sex Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) ANS: hands-on system of therapy where the therapist actively guides and challenges maladaptive behavior and distorted views/thinking with focus on "here and now." Who is Hildegard Peplau? ANS: mother of psychiatric nursing, developed the first systematic theoretical framework for psychiatric nurses According to Peplau, what causes mental illness? ANS: Human problems and psychosocial phenomenon are things that cause mental illness - need to treat human beings with respect and dignity. What is the recovery model that Pelau developed? ANS: nurse/patient interpersonal relation = partnership What is the order of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? ANS: psychological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualization, self-transcendent What is conditioning? ANS: involves pairing a behavior with a condition that reinforces or diminishes the behavior's occurrence What is Pavlov's Classical Conditioning? ANS: using a