Module 1 Quiz -NURS-5366-407-PRINC-OF-RESEARCH-IN-NURSING--2019-Spring

Question 1 What is the relationship between a conceptual definition and an operational definition? Answer s: a. The conceptual definition is concrete, and the operational definition is abstract. b. The operational definition allows the researcher to create a measurable variable from a concept. c. They are the same, in most instances. Response Feedback: Operationalizing a variable or a concept involves developing conceptual and operational definitions. A conceptual definition provides the theoretical meaning of a concept or variable. The conceptual definition provides a basis for formulating an operational definition. An operational definition is derived from a set of procedures and progressive acts that a researcher performs either to manipulate an independent variable or to measure the existence or degree of existence of the dependent variable. p.109  Question 2 Sources of research topics often come from research priorities developed by professional organizations and funding agencies. Which of the following is an example of a research priority in healthcare? Answer s: a. Effective and appropriate use of technology to achieve optimal patient assessment, management and/or outcomes b. Promotion of literacy in preschoolers c. Vaccination of all children regardless of parents’ religious beliefs Response Feedback: p. 24  Question 3 Why is operational reasoning necessary for research? Answer s: a. Standard interventions are obtained from operational reasoning. b. It facilitates the researcher’s rapport with families Module 1 Quiz -NURS-5366-407-PRINC-OF-RESEARCH-IN-NURSING--2019-Spring c. Abstract concepts are of no use to nursing. d. It allows the researcher to measure the concepts studied. Response Feedback : Operational reasoning involves the identification of and discrimination among many alternatives and viewpoints. It focuses on the process (debating alternatives) rather than on the resolution. Nurses use operational reasoning to develop realistic, measurable health goals. Thus, operational reasoning takes abstract concepts and makes them focused, concrete, and, therefore, researchable. p. 6  Question 4 A research study contains the following in its Introduction section: “This study was undertaken to explore the effect of massage on total hours of sleep per 24-hour day, in persons averaging fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night, attributable to insomnia. . . . Presumably by increasing endorphin levels, massage seems to provide an immediate relaxation and an ability to sleep immediately following the session, but it is unclear whether these benefits actually extend to total sleep, despite anecdotal support. The claim that massage increases total hours of sleep has been inadequately researched. . . . Does massage increase the total number of hours of daily sleep? . . . It was posited that provision of daily late-morning massage would affect total hours of sleep per 24-hour day. The study’s causational explanation was based on the physiologic matrix of McCarthy, which includes effects of endorphins on sleep, learning ability, pain, digestive function, and cardiac output. . . . It was taken as established fact that massage is pleasant, that research subjects getting fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night were sleep-deprived, and that endorphins mediated the changes observed.” What is the purpose of the study? Answer s: a. The study’s causational explanation was based on the physiologic matrix of McCarthy, which includes effects of endorphins on sleep, learning ability, pain, digestive function, and cardiac output. b. It was posited that provision of daily late-morning massage would affect total hours of sleep per 24-hour day. c. This study was undertaken to explore the effect of massage on total hours of sleep per 24-hour day, in persons averaging fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night, attributable to insomnia. d. Presumably by increasing endorphin levels, massage seems to provide an immediate relaxation and an ability to sleep immediately following the session, but it is unclear whether these benefits actually extend to total sleep, despite anecdotal support. The claim that massage increases total hours of sleep has been inadequately researched. Response Feedback : The research purpose is generated from the problem and identifies the specific focus or aim of the study. The focus of the study might be to identify, describe, explain, or predict a solution to a situation. The Module 1 Quiz -NURS-5366-407-PRINC-OF-RESEARCH-IN-NURSING--2019-Spring purpose often indicates the type of study to be conducted (descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, or experimental) and usually includes the variables, population, and setting for the study. p. 48  Question 5 Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between research and practice? Answer s: a. Practice limits nursing research to issues that are patient-centered. b. Practice does not affect research, but research affects practice. c. Research knowledge, combined with experiential wisdom, constitutes the base for practice. Response Feedback: p. 1 1  Question 6 A researcher who desires to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between the use of a new car seat restraint and the subsequent rate of children’s spinal cord injury will utilize which form of nursing research? Answer s: a. Quantitative research b. Descriptive research c. Qualitative research Response Feedback: Quantitative research, the most frequently used method, is a formal, objective, systematic methodology to describe variables, test relationships, and examine cause-and-effect interactions. Quantitative research includes experimental research, which is the method for testing cause-and-effect relationships between and among specific variables. Qualitative research methods are used for explaining meanings and describing experiences in context. Descriptive research involves identifying and understanding the nature of phenomena and, sometimes, the relationships among them. Outcomes research examines the end result of care in huge populations, most often retrospectively, using a Module 1 Quiz -NURS-5366-407-PRINC-OF-RESEARCH-IN-NURSING--2019-Spring database. page 38  Question 7 Control occurs when the researcher imposes “rules” to decrease the possibility of error and thus increases the probability that the study’s findings are an accurate reflection of reality. Which type of research design has the highest level of control in a study? Answer s: a. Descriptive research b. Correlational research c. Experimental research d. Quasi-experimental research Response Feedback: Control occurs when the researcher imposes “rules” to decrease the possibility of error and thus increases the probability that the study’s findings are an accurate reflection of reality. Descriptive and correlational studies are usually conducted with minimal control of the study design, because subjects are examined as they exist. In experimental research, the independent and dependent variables are highly controlled, the researcher exerts high control over the planning and implementation of the study, and often these studies are conducted in a laboratory setting on animals or objects. If a research study randomly assigns subjects to two different groups, applies an intervention to one of the groups, and then measures both groups and compares them, it is experimental design. p.43  Question 8 A research study contains the following in its Introduction section: “This study was undertaken to explore the effect of massage on total hours of sleep per 24-hour day, in persons averaging fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night, attributable to insomnia. . . . Presumably by increasing endorphin levels, massage seems to provide an immediate relaxation and an ability to sleep immediately following the session, but it is unclear whether these benefits actually extend to total sleep, despite anecdotal support. The claim that massage increases total hours of sleep has been inadequately researched. . . . Does massage increase the total number of hours of daily sleep? . . . It was posited that provision of daily late-morning massage would affect total hours of sleep per 24-hour day. The study’s causational explanation was based on the physiologic matrix of McCarthy, which includes effects of endorphins on sleep, learning ability, pain, digestive function, and cardiac output. . . . It was taken as established fact that massage is pleasant, that research subjects getting fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night were sleep-deprived, and that endorphins mediated the changes observed.” What is the research problem? Answer a.