NREMT 2022 ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
Define integumentary system - consists of the skin & related structures (protects body,
controls temp., eliminates wastes through sweat/other)
Define Epidermis Layer - Outer layer of skin
Define dermis - -connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and skin
structures
-on subcutaneous tissue
-connects skin and muscle
define epi - above
integumentary system what is its role - 1. protection- organ infections
2.temperature maintenance- heat exchange
3. synthesis of nutirents- vitd3
4.sensory reception- touch pain
5. excretion and secretions- salts water- glands secrete breast milk
Define papillary layer - The papillary layer is the uneven junction of the dermis with the
epidermis. capillaries, nerves supports epidermis
Define reticular layer - layer of dermis that is denser and deeper of the dermis,
comprised of collagen and elastin
Define sebaceous glands - epidermal glands that produce and oily secretion called
sebum.
Define sweat glands - secrete sweat to help cool the body when needs
SKIN
Define apocrine glands - Present in the groin and underarms, where body odor comes
from (APE)
Define merocrine glands - Exocrine glands that secrete without losing cellular material
define humerus - upper arm bone
Define tibia - shin bone
define sternum - breastbone
, Define sprain - stretching or tearing of ligaments
Define subluxation - partial dislocation
Describe a dislocation - The movement of a bone at a joint away from its normal
position
Define fracture - to break (a bone)
What is a grade 1 sprain? - Mild sprain
tenderness at site, minimal swelling, and loss of function
what is a grade 2 sprain? - moderate sprain
More severe pain, swelling/bleeding into joint, some function lost
what is a grade 3 sprain? - complete tear of ligament
Define Greenstick Fracture - Only one side of the shaft is broken, and other is bent.
Common in children
Define torus fracture - buckle of the cortex, possibly with little or no displacement and no
complete break in the cortex
Define oblique fracture - Diagonal break of the bone; can be displaced or nondisplaced
Define Spiral Fracture - Spread along length of bone and produced by twisting stress
define comminuted fracture - multiple bone fragments
define segmental fracture - - multple fracture sites "freebone"
Define impacted fracture - broken bone ends are forced into each other
Define epimysium - connective tissue covering muscle
Define perimysium - the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle
fibers.
Define endomysium - connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber
What are cardiac muscles? - striated muscle that forms the wall of the heart
what are smooth muscles tissue? - found lining organs, blood vessels, digestive and
lungs
PHYSIOLOGY
Define integumentary system - consists of the skin & related structures (protects body,
controls temp., eliminates wastes through sweat/other)
Define Epidermis Layer - Outer layer of skin
Define dermis - -connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and skin
structures
-on subcutaneous tissue
-connects skin and muscle
define epi - above
integumentary system what is its role - 1. protection- organ infections
2.temperature maintenance- heat exchange
3. synthesis of nutirents- vitd3
4.sensory reception- touch pain
5. excretion and secretions- salts water- glands secrete breast milk
Define papillary layer - The papillary layer is the uneven junction of the dermis with the
epidermis. capillaries, nerves supports epidermis
Define reticular layer - layer of dermis that is denser and deeper of the dermis,
comprised of collagen and elastin
Define sebaceous glands - epidermal glands that produce and oily secretion called
sebum.
Define sweat glands - secrete sweat to help cool the body when needs
SKIN
Define apocrine glands - Present in the groin and underarms, where body odor comes
from (APE)
Define merocrine glands - Exocrine glands that secrete without losing cellular material
define humerus - upper arm bone
Define tibia - shin bone
define sternum - breastbone
, Define sprain - stretching or tearing of ligaments
Define subluxation - partial dislocation
Describe a dislocation - The movement of a bone at a joint away from its normal
position
Define fracture - to break (a bone)
What is a grade 1 sprain? - Mild sprain
tenderness at site, minimal swelling, and loss of function
what is a grade 2 sprain? - moderate sprain
More severe pain, swelling/bleeding into joint, some function lost
what is a grade 3 sprain? - complete tear of ligament
Define Greenstick Fracture - Only one side of the shaft is broken, and other is bent.
Common in children
Define torus fracture - buckle of the cortex, possibly with little or no displacement and no
complete break in the cortex
Define oblique fracture - Diagonal break of the bone; can be displaced or nondisplaced
Define Spiral Fracture - Spread along length of bone and produced by twisting stress
define comminuted fracture - multiple bone fragments
define segmental fracture - - multple fracture sites "freebone"
Define impacted fracture - broken bone ends are forced into each other
Define epimysium - connective tissue covering muscle
Define perimysium - the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle
fibers.
Define endomysium - connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber
What are cardiac muscles? - striated muscle that forms the wall of the heart
what are smooth muscles tissue? - found lining organs, blood vessels, digestive and
lungs
