EMT FINAL / EMT BOARDS NEW PRACTIC EXAM SOLUTION QUSTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Effects caused by medications that are other than the desired one are called
- CORRECT ANSWER Side Effects
What route delivers medication through the skin?
- CORRECT ANSWER Transcutaneous
Activated charcoal is an example of what form of medication?
- CORRECT ANSWER Suspension
When should activated charcoal be administered?
- CORRECT ANSWER As soon as an overdose is expected, medications or ingested poisons
List the three medications an EMT is allowed to administer to patients
- CORRECT ANSWER Oral glucose, Oxygen, Aspirin, and Activated charcoal
List three medications that an EMT may assist with?
- CORRECT ANSWER Nitro, Epipen, and Inhalers
What is an indication for the administration of oral glucose?
- CORRECT ANSWER Hypoglycemia
What is the minimum blood pressure for the administration of nitroglycerin?
- CORRECT ANSWER Systolic greater than 100 mm hg
What are the actions of epinephrine?
- CORRECT ANSWER Increases heart rate and blood pressure, Decreases muscle tone of the bronchiole
tree, Dilates passages in lungs, constricts blood vessels.
When using a metered-dose inhaler, when should the canister be pressed?
- CORRECT ANSWER When patient is inhaling.
What is an allergic reaction?
,- CORRECT ANSWER An exaggerated immune response.
What are the two most common signs of anaphylaxis?
- CORRECT ANSWER Wheezing & Urticaria
What is the medical term for hives?
- CORRECT ANSWER Urticaria
List five common allergens
- CORRECT ANSWER 1. Insect bites & stings
2. Medications
3. Plants
4. Food
5. Chemicals
Which insects can sting repeatedly?
- CORRECT ANSWER Wasps, Hornets & Fire ants
How should a honeybee stinger be removed?
- CORRECT ANSWER By scraping the skin with a stiff object.
What causes wheezing?
- CORRECT ANSWER Muscles around bronchioles tighten in reaction to allergen & airways constrict,
make breathing difficult. Fluid in air passages & constricted bronchi make wheezing.
Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic, which means it mimics?
- CORRECT ANSWER Sympathetic Response
What are the epinephrine doses for an adult and pediatric anaphylactic patients?
- CORRECT ANSWER Adult = 0.3 mg
Pediatric = 0.15 mg
What are the steps in using an EpiPen auto-injector?
- CORRECT ANSWER Remove cap, place against lateral thigh, press and hold 10 seconds, remove,
record time and dose, reassess and record
If an alkaline is in the eye, how long should the eye be irrigated?
,- CORRECT ANSWER 15-20 minutes.
How do the majority of poisons enter the body?
- CORRECT ANSWER Ingestion
What are the contraindications to the administration of activated charcoal?
- CORRECT ANSWER Ingestion of an acid, alkali, petroleum. Decreased level of consciousness, inability
to swallow.
What is the usual dose of activated charcoal for an adult or child?
- CORRECT ANSWER The usual dosage for an adult or child 1 g of activated charcoal per kilogram of
body weight.
What does the term tolerance mean?
- CORRECT ANSWER Increasing amounts of a substance over time to reach the same desired effect.
How does alcohol effect the system?
- CORRECT ANSWER Depresses the central nervous system
What is the medical problem related to opioids that is a concern for responders? - CORRECT ANSWER
Respiratory Depression
Give an example of a sympathomimetic? - CORRECT ANSWER MDMA; Amphetamines, Crack Cocaine,
Heroin, Methocathinone, Methamphetamine, Phentermine, PCP
List the terms for the mneumonic DUMBELS? - CORRECT ANSWER Defecation
Urination
Miosis
Bronchorrhea
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salvation
What organ does acetaminophen overdose damage? - CORRECT ANSWER Liver
Everyone develops some symptoms of mental illness at some point in life. True or False? - CORRECT
ANSWER True
Behavioral problems brought on by a dysfunction of the brain are known as? - CORRECT ANSWER
Organic Brain Syndrome
, List three examples of functional disorders? - CORRECT ANSWER Schizophrenia, Anxiety Conditions,
Depression
What is your first priority when responding to a psychiatric emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER Personal
safety
How do you assess the patient's mental status? - CORRECT ANSWER The AVPU Scale
When is it acceptable to not obtain the patient's vital signs as part of the assessment? - CORRECT
ANSWER When it will exacerbate the patient's emotional distress.
What is the single most significant factor that contributes to suicide? - CORRECT ANSWER Depression
For what reason should extra care be used when documenting the use of restraints? - CORRECT
ANSWER There may be legal issues arising from the use of resraints
How many people, at a minimum, should be present when restraining a patient? - CORRECT ANSWER
Four
What risk factors should be used to assess the potential danger level of a violent patient? - CORRECT
ANSWER History, posture, the scene, vocal activity, physical activity
Which of the following statements is true concerning differences in anatomy between adults and children
that influence treatment decisions?
A. The proportionately larger diameter airway of the child is less easily obstructed by secretions.
B. The proportionately larger tongue of the child is less likely to cause obstruction.
C. The epiglottis is larger in the child than in the adult and is more likely to prevent aspiration.
D. The child's Occiput is larger and Rounder than an adults, requiring careful positioning. - CORRECT
ANSWER D
Fever in children is a common reason for parents to call for an ambulance. A fever can result from?
A. Infection
B. Lacy of Oxygen
C. Blood Loss
D. Cold Environments - CORRECT ANSWER A
Head injuries are common in children because?
A. The size of the head is larger in relation to the body
B. Helmets designed for children offer less protection than expected
C. They are more likely to suffer whiplash in auto accidents.
D. Infants have not fully developed balance for walking. - CORRECT ANSWER A
Children may have experienced a serious injury, even though there may be little or no outward signs,
because?
ANSWERS
Effects caused by medications that are other than the desired one are called
- CORRECT ANSWER Side Effects
What route delivers medication through the skin?
- CORRECT ANSWER Transcutaneous
Activated charcoal is an example of what form of medication?
- CORRECT ANSWER Suspension
When should activated charcoal be administered?
- CORRECT ANSWER As soon as an overdose is expected, medications or ingested poisons
List the three medications an EMT is allowed to administer to patients
- CORRECT ANSWER Oral glucose, Oxygen, Aspirin, and Activated charcoal
List three medications that an EMT may assist with?
- CORRECT ANSWER Nitro, Epipen, and Inhalers
What is an indication for the administration of oral glucose?
- CORRECT ANSWER Hypoglycemia
What is the minimum blood pressure for the administration of nitroglycerin?
- CORRECT ANSWER Systolic greater than 100 mm hg
What are the actions of epinephrine?
- CORRECT ANSWER Increases heart rate and blood pressure, Decreases muscle tone of the bronchiole
tree, Dilates passages in lungs, constricts blood vessels.
When using a metered-dose inhaler, when should the canister be pressed?
- CORRECT ANSWER When patient is inhaling.
What is an allergic reaction?
,- CORRECT ANSWER An exaggerated immune response.
What are the two most common signs of anaphylaxis?
- CORRECT ANSWER Wheezing & Urticaria
What is the medical term for hives?
- CORRECT ANSWER Urticaria
List five common allergens
- CORRECT ANSWER 1. Insect bites & stings
2. Medications
3. Plants
4. Food
5. Chemicals
Which insects can sting repeatedly?
- CORRECT ANSWER Wasps, Hornets & Fire ants
How should a honeybee stinger be removed?
- CORRECT ANSWER By scraping the skin with a stiff object.
What causes wheezing?
- CORRECT ANSWER Muscles around bronchioles tighten in reaction to allergen & airways constrict,
make breathing difficult. Fluid in air passages & constricted bronchi make wheezing.
Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic, which means it mimics?
- CORRECT ANSWER Sympathetic Response
What are the epinephrine doses for an adult and pediatric anaphylactic patients?
- CORRECT ANSWER Adult = 0.3 mg
Pediatric = 0.15 mg
What are the steps in using an EpiPen auto-injector?
- CORRECT ANSWER Remove cap, place against lateral thigh, press and hold 10 seconds, remove,
record time and dose, reassess and record
If an alkaline is in the eye, how long should the eye be irrigated?
,- CORRECT ANSWER 15-20 minutes.
How do the majority of poisons enter the body?
- CORRECT ANSWER Ingestion
What are the contraindications to the administration of activated charcoal?
- CORRECT ANSWER Ingestion of an acid, alkali, petroleum. Decreased level of consciousness, inability
to swallow.
What is the usual dose of activated charcoal for an adult or child?
- CORRECT ANSWER The usual dosage for an adult or child 1 g of activated charcoal per kilogram of
body weight.
What does the term tolerance mean?
- CORRECT ANSWER Increasing amounts of a substance over time to reach the same desired effect.
How does alcohol effect the system?
- CORRECT ANSWER Depresses the central nervous system
What is the medical problem related to opioids that is a concern for responders? - CORRECT ANSWER
Respiratory Depression
Give an example of a sympathomimetic? - CORRECT ANSWER MDMA; Amphetamines, Crack Cocaine,
Heroin, Methocathinone, Methamphetamine, Phentermine, PCP
List the terms for the mneumonic DUMBELS? - CORRECT ANSWER Defecation
Urination
Miosis
Bronchorrhea
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salvation
What organ does acetaminophen overdose damage? - CORRECT ANSWER Liver
Everyone develops some symptoms of mental illness at some point in life. True or False? - CORRECT
ANSWER True
Behavioral problems brought on by a dysfunction of the brain are known as? - CORRECT ANSWER
Organic Brain Syndrome
, List three examples of functional disorders? - CORRECT ANSWER Schizophrenia, Anxiety Conditions,
Depression
What is your first priority when responding to a psychiatric emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER Personal
safety
How do you assess the patient's mental status? - CORRECT ANSWER The AVPU Scale
When is it acceptable to not obtain the patient's vital signs as part of the assessment? - CORRECT
ANSWER When it will exacerbate the patient's emotional distress.
What is the single most significant factor that contributes to suicide? - CORRECT ANSWER Depression
For what reason should extra care be used when documenting the use of restraints? - CORRECT
ANSWER There may be legal issues arising from the use of resraints
How many people, at a minimum, should be present when restraining a patient? - CORRECT ANSWER
Four
What risk factors should be used to assess the potential danger level of a violent patient? - CORRECT
ANSWER History, posture, the scene, vocal activity, physical activity
Which of the following statements is true concerning differences in anatomy between adults and children
that influence treatment decisions?
A. The proportionately larger diameter airway of the child is less easily obstructed by secretions.
B. The proportionately larger tongue of the child is less likely to cause obstruction.
C. The epiglottis is larger in the child than in the adult and is more likely to prevent aspiration.
D. The child's Occiput is larger and Rounder than an adults, requiring careful positioning. - CORRECT
ANSWER D
Fever in children is a common reason for parents to call for an ambulance. A fever can result from?
A. Infection
B. Lacy of Oxygen
C. Blood Loss
D. Cold Environments - CORRECT ANSWER A
Head injuries are common in children because?
A. The size of the head is larger in relation to the body
B. Helmets designed for children offer less protection than expected
C. They are more likely to suffer whiplash in auto accidents.
D. Infants have not fully developed balance for walking. - CORRECT ANSWER A
Children may have experienced a serious injury, even though there may be little or no outward signs,
because?
