ATI GERONTOLOGY FINAL QUIZ with Rationales | Verified Q&A

ATI GERONTOLOGY FINAL QUIZ 2020 with Rationales 1. A public health nurse is planning an immunization clinic for older adults. Which of the following times should an older adult client receive the influenza vaccine? A- Once during the client’s lifetime B- Every 10 years C- every 5 years D- annually in the fall Answer- d The nurse should recommend that older adult clients receive the influenza vaccine annually. Influenza outbreaks occur annually, and the influenza virus changes constantly. Consequently, an influenza vaccine from a previous year will not protect a client exposed to this year’s influenza strain. Influenza in older adults can result in the development of primary viral influenza pneumonia, which causes several deaths a year. An influenza vaccine given in the fall, prior to the onset of flu season, will be most effective in preventing influenza in this target population. A- The nurse should recognize that the older adult is at increased risk for developing influenza due to changes in the immune system that occur with age. Prior immunization with the influenza vaccine does not guarantee continued life-long immunity from the illness. B- The nurse should recognize that the influenza virus changes constantly, eliminating the possibility of long-term immunity. C- The nurse should recognize that because of constant changes in the influenza virus itself, an immunization received 5 years previous will not protect the client from the illness currently. 2. A nurse is assessing an older adult client who has right-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings is the nurses priority? A- Oxygen saturation is 92% on room air B- the client consumes 20% of males C- weight has increased 0.91 kg or to lbs in 24 hours D- the client has 1 + edema in the lower extremities Answer- c The nurse should apply the urgent versus nonurgent priority-setting framework. Using this framework, the nurse should consider urgent needs to be the priority need because they pose more of a threat to the client. The nurse might also need to use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the ABC priority-setting framework, or nursing knowledge to identify which finding is the most urgent. The nurse should evaluate daily weight of client’s experiencing heart failure. A weight gain of 0.45 to 0.91 kg (1 to 2 lb) overnight or 1.36 kg (3 lb) within one week is an indication of worsening heart failure. A- The nurse should monitor the oxygen saturation of the client because a decrease in oxygen saturation below 90% indicates a worsening of condition and, potentially, pulmonary edema. Although the client’s oxygen saturation rate is less than the expected reference range of greater than 93%, another finding is the priority. B- The nurse should evaluate the client’s food intake and appetite. Anorexia and nausea are common manifestations of right-sided heart failure and place the client at risk for nutritional deficiencies; however, another finding is the priority. D- The nurse should report pitting edema because this is an indication of fluid retention; however, another finding is the priority. 3. A nurse is teaching an older adult client about osteoporosis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A- Cottage cheese is a good source of calcium B- increase your caffeine intake C- brisk walking will help prevent bone loss D- hormone replacement therapy with estrogen will increase your risk of osteoporosis Answer- c The nurse should encourage weight-bearing exercises to help minimize bone loss in the older adult client. A sedentary lifestyle, on the other hand, leads to a loss of minerals in the bones, especially calcium and phosphorus. A- The nurse should include dietary sources of calcium and vitamin D in the teaching. Cottage cheese, however, is not a good source of calcium as it loses the calcium during processing. B- The nurse should encourage the client to limit caffeine intake because it enhances the excretion of calcium. D- The nurse should provide information about medications for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Estrogen can reduce the fracture rate in women who have osteoporosis, although there are other complications related to its use, such as cancer. 4. A nurse is managing an adult day care is developing a treatment plans for older adult clients. Which of the following therapeutic strategies should the nurse use to help the clan Chief Erikson's developmental tasks for this age group? A- Music therapy B- reminiscence therapy C- meditation therapy D- pet therapy Answer- b The nurse should incorporate reminiscence therapy as a therapeutic strategy for the purpose of encouraging clients to engage in life review. The process of sharing memories helps clients to achieve a sense of fulfillment and self-worth and allows a positive outcome to Erikson’s developmental task of integrity vs despair. A- The nurse should use music therapy for the purposes of providing sensory and intellectual stimulation, as well as maintaining or increasing the clients' levels of physical, mental, social, or emotional functioning. C- The nurse should encourage meditation therapy to quiet the mind and improve overall health, such as promoting sleep, decreasing pain, and improving cognitive function. D- Pet therapy is beneficial for older adult clients