Professional Nursing: Concepts and Challenges Ch. 1-3, 7 with complete solutions

Hospital-based nursing They provide direct patient care, serve as educators, managers, and administrators who teach or supervise others and establish the direction of nursing hospital wide. Community Health nursing Work in ambulatory clinics, health departments, hospice, and a variety of other community-based settings including homes where they provide nursing care to home bound patients nurse entrepreneurs Identifies a need and creates a service to meet the identified need; Enjoy autonomy office based nursing Supervise other office workers, such as practical nurses, nurse aides, scheduling clerks, and record clerks occupational and environmental health nursing Provides basic health care services, health education, screenings, and emergency treatment to company employees at the workplace military nursing Practice in peacetime and wartime settings in the army, navy, and air force. school nursing A specialized practice of professional nursing that advances the well-being, academic success, and life-long achievement of students hospice and palliative care nursing Dedicated to improving the experience of seriously ill and dying patients and their families case management nursing Growing field in nursing developed as a way of managing health care costs and patient length of stay; Involves systematic collaboration with patients, their significant others, and their health care providers to coordinate high-quality health care services in a cost effective manner with positive patient outcomes nursing informatics Help bridge the gap between information technology and nursing practice; Combines the nursing science with information management science and computer science to manage information nurses need and to make that information accessible travel nurse Fixed-term, temporary nurses who usually work at the same hospital for 13 weeks and are scheduled at least 2 months in advance. APN The umbrella term applied to an RN who has met advanced educational and clinical practice requirements beyond the 2 to 4 years of basic nursing education demanded of all RNs; The four categories include: nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, certified nurse midwife, and certified registered nurse anesthetist. NP Can perform physical examinations, take medical histories, diagnose and treat common acute and chronic illnesses and injuries, order and interpret laboratory tests and X-ray films, and counsel and educate clients CNS Are experts in a particular field of clinical practice such as mental health, gerontology, cardiac care, cancer care, community health, or neonatal health, and they perform health assessments, make diagnoses, deliver treatment, and develop quality control methods Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM) Provide well-woman care and attend to or assist in child birth in various settings, including hospitals, birthing centers, private practice, and home birthing services CRNA Administer anesthetics; Collaborate with a physician or work independently CNL Clinical experts who are involved in the care of a distinct group of patients and who may, on occasion, actively provide direct patient care themselves; Coordinate the direct care activities of other nursing staff and health care professionals, gather and evaluate patient outcomes, and have the authority to change plans of care when necessary Dorthea L. Dix Appointed superintendent of Women Nurses of the Union Army; Created a month-long training program for nurses Mary Ann Bickerdyke Brought order out of chaos and created clean conditions in a western from hospital camp; Not a formally trained nurse Clara Barton Began an independent campaign to provide relief for the soldiers; Set up a makeshift field hospital and cared for the wounded and dying; Revolutionized how to sort and care for soldiers; Received the title "Angel of the Battlefield"; Founded the American Red Cross Sallie Thompkins Commissioned a "Captain of the Calvary, unassigned"; Established a hospital in Richmond; Only woman in the Confederacy to hold a military raking Mary Eliza Mahoney First African American professionally educated nurse Chicago's World Fair Hampton presented lack of uniformity across nursing schools; Paper by Florence Nightingale was presented; Set the stage for formalized nurse training Who founded the Henry Street Settlement? Lillian Wald Which nurses were impactful during the civil war? Sallie Thompkins, Clara Barton, Mary Ann Bickerdyke, Dorthea L. Dix, Florence Nightingale Nursing's most notable early figure; Wanted to be a nurse but parents did not want her to; Cleaned and took care of patients in a British war hospital; Gathered statistics on morbidity and mortality of soldiers; Introduced sanitization as an important aspect to hospitals; Founded the first training school for nurses What is an occupational group with a set of attitudes or behaviors or both; a calling vocation, or form of employment that provides a needed service to society and possesses characteristics of expertise, autonomy, long academic preparations, commitment, and responsibility? profession What occupies, or engages one's time; business; employment? occupation Evidence based practice basing one's practice and decisions about patient care on research findings rather than tradition What are some qualities of an occupation? Training may occur on the job; Length of training varies; Work is largely manual; Decision making is guided largely by experience or trial and error; Values, beliefs, and ethics are not prominent features of preparation; Commitment and personal identification vary; Workers are supervised; People often change jobs; Material rewards is main motivation; Accountability rests primarily with employer What are some qualities of a profession? Education takes place in a college or university; Education is prolonged; Work involves mental creativity; Decision making is based largely on science or theoretical constructs (evidence-based practice); Values, beliefs, and ethics are integral part of preparation; Commitment and personal identification are strong; Workers are autonomous; People are unlikely to change professions; Commitment transcends material reward; Accountability rests with individual What are some barriers to professionalism in nursing? 1. variability in educational preparation 2. gender 3. historical issues 4. external and internal conflicts What are the different types of nursing educational preparation opportunities? 1. Diploma nurse 2. LPN 3. ADN 4. BSN 5. MSN 6. DPN What two documents shape professionalism for nursing? 1. Nursing: Scope and Standards of practice 2. Code of Ethics for Nurses What are the principles for nursing schools? The nurse should be trained in an educational institution supported by public funds and associated with a medical school; The nursing school should be affiliated with a teaching hospital but also independent of it; The curriculum should include both theory and practical experience; Professional nurses should be in charge of administration and instruction and should be paid for their instruction; Students should be carefully selected and should reside in "nurses houses" that form discipline and character; Students should be required to attend lectures, take quizzes, write papers, and keep diaries. Student records should be maintained What are programs for second-degree students? Baccalaureate programs offer these students an accelerated or fast tract sequence, awarding either a second baccalaureate degree or, in some cases, master's degree in nursing What were the four BSN recommendations made by the ANA? Educational for all those who are licensed to practice nursing should take place in institutions of higher learning Minimum preparation for beginning professional nursing practice should be the baccalaureate degree in nursing Minimum preparation for beginning technical nursing practice should be the associate degree in nursing Education for assistants in the health service occupations should consist of short, intensive preservice programs in vocational education institutions rather than on-the-job training programs What is the NCLEX-PN? The examination that graduates of practical nursing programs must take to become licensed practical nurses or licensed vocational nurses What is the NCLEX-RN? The exam that graduates of basic nursing programs must take to become licensed to practice as a registered nurse What two things help nurses earn credentials? licensure and certification What is a licensure? refers to state regulation of the practice of nursing; Licensure is required of individuals at the entry point to practice and must be renewed periodically; It is a legal designation that assures public safety by assessing basic and continuing competence What is a certification? goes beyond licensure by validating a high level of knowledge and proficiency in a particular area; It is voluntarily pursued by individual nurses; Awarded by a certifying body as validation of specific qualifications demonstrated by an RN in a defined area of practice; What does it mean to "continue education" in the nursing field? used to describe non-degree-seeking ways in which nurses maintain expertise during their professional careers What are the 8 core competencies of AND educations? Professional behaviors Communication Assessment Clinical decision making Caring interventions Teaching and learning Collaboration Managing care Why did ADN programs begin? post-world war II nursing shortage What were the shorter ADN programs designed for? prepare nurse technicians who would function under the supervision of professional nurses What are external degree programs? different from traditional basic nursing education in that students attend no classes; Learning is independent and is assessed through highly standardized and validated competency-based outcomes assessments, leading to the description, "virtual university" What are articulated programs? facilitate opportunities for nurses to move up the educational ladder; Students spend their first year preparing to be an LPN and the second year preparing to be an AND. They can then decide to stop or move on to a bachelor's degree and master's degree. What is a diploma program? the earliest form of nursing education in the United States Why has there been a decline in diploma programs? The growth of the associate degree and the baccalaureate degree programs in nursing which moved the education of nurses into the mainstream of higher education; The inability of hospitals to continue to finance nursing education; Accreditation standards that have made it difficult for diploma programs to attract qualified faculty; The increasing complexity of health care which has required nurses to have greater academic preparation How long are most diploma programs? 24 months Who wrote the Nursing's social policy statement? ANA What kinds of doctoral programs are available to nurses? 1. Research-based degree (PhD) 2. Practice-focused degree (DNP) What is a non-degree-seeking way in which nurses maintain expertise during their professional careers? Continuing their education Certified nurses may have greater _______ potential than those without certifications. earning Are certifications required by law? no--they are voluntary Who assumes the responsibility for all NLN national program accreditation activity? National League for Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC) What does accreditation do for a nurse's education? makes sure that the educational program is accountable for offering quality education Why did accreditation become such a need/want in the nursing world? it grew out of concerns expressed in reports and by leaders of the profession about the lack of quality and standards for nursing education Which program has the purpose of facilitating opportunities for nurses to move up the educational ladder? Articulated program In articulated programs, students spend their first year preparing to be a ____, and then preparing to be a _____ their second year. LPN, AND What degree program does not require students to attend classes and the learning is highly independent? external degree programs What program is the most costly of the basic nursing programs in terms of time and money? BSN What stressed the concepts of patient-centered car, inter-professional teams, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, patient safety, and much more? the AACN document by the NLN What does the NLN support most? standardization of nursing What was the Position Statement on Nursing Roles: Scope and Preparations? It affirmed the nursing baccalaureate degree as the minimum education level for professional nursing practice and associate program as the entry level for technical nursing What board consists of nurses, faculty members, health care agencies, and all types of nursing and nonnursing programs who support nursing? National League for Nursing Who came to Teachers College in 1907 and was the first nursing professor ever? Mary Adelaide Nutting How were the standards of nursing regulated before the ICN was created? they weren't--each school had t