NUR 2356MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTION & ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022 GRADED A+

NUR 2356MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTION &
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022 GRADED A+


Nur 2356MDC 2 Final Exam Study Guide QUESTION & answers latest update
2021/2022 graded A+



Chapter 11: : Care of Patients with Problems of Acid-Base Balance


ABG Interpretation

1. Is the pH out of range? (in range and opposite direction-fully compensated; out

of range and opposite direction-partially compensated; same direction-
uncompensated)
2. Is the PaCO2 normal/out of range? (respiratory)

3. Is the HCO3 normal/out of range? (metabolic)

4. Match the one (PaCO2 or HCO3) that is the same as the pH. (acidosis or alkalosis)

5. Does the one that does not match/remains go in the opposite direction of pH?

(compensation)
6. Is PaO2 and O2 sat out of range? (hypoxemia)



Respiratory Acidosis/Metabolic Acidosis

Interpretation: Kussmaul breathing, hyperkalemia,
warm/dry/pink skin Causes: hypoventilation, asthma, COPD,
pneumonia, in table below Respiratory Alkalosis/Metabolic
Alkalosis

NUR 2356MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTION &
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022 GRADED A+

,NUR 2356MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTION &
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022 GRADED A+
Interpretation: hypocalcemia and hypokalemia, dizziness, twitching, tingling,
increased HR and RR Causes: in table below

Metabolic Alkalosis Common Causes of Alkalosis
Increase of base components Oral ingestion of bases:
Antacids
Parenteral base administration:
Blood transfusion
Sodium bicarbonate
Total parenteral
nutrition
Decrease of acid components Prolonged vomiting
Nasogastric suctioning
Hypercortisolism
Hyperaldosteronism
Thiazide diuretics

Respiratory Alkalosis
Excessive loss of carbon dioxide Hyperventilation, fear, anxiety
Mechanical ventilation
Salicylate toxicity
High altitudes
Shock
Early-stage acute pulmonary problems




NUR 2356MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTION &
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022 GRADED A+

,NUR 2356MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTION &
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022 GRADED A+


Common Causes of Acidosis

Metabolic Acidosis

Overproduction of Excessive oxidation
hydrogen ions of fatty acids:
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Starvation
Hypermeta
bolism:
Heavy
exercise
Seizure
activity
Fever
Hypoxia, ischemia
Excessive ingestion
of acids: Ethanol or
methanol
intoxication
Salicylate
intoxication




NUR 2356MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTION &
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022 GRADED A+

, NUR 2356MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTION &
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022 GRADED A+

Under-elimination of Kidney failure
hydrogen ions

Underproduction of Kidney
bicarbonate failure
Pancrea
titis
Liver
failure
Dehydra
tion

Over-elimination of Diarrhea
bicarbonate

Respiratory Acidosis

Under-elimination of Respiratory
hydrogen ions depression:
Anesthetics
Drugs (especially
opioids) Electrolyte
imbalance
Inadequate chest
expansion: Muscle
weakness


NUR 2356MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTION &
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022 GRADED A+