Nursing 3 Final Exam
Non-modifiable risk factors for stroke? - Answer Age, family history, gender, sex, DM1
Modifiable risk factors for stroke? - Answer DM2, **HTN**, smoking, a.fib, sickle cell
What should you teach a client about risk factors for stroke? - Answer **Monitor/control
blood pressure**, Quit smoking, need to follow a healthy balanced diet, stop
drinking/drug use, decrease BMI
Diagnostic tests to evaluate stroke? - Answer CT, MRI, PET Scan
INR, PT, aPTT, Creatinine, allergies, BMP, CBC
What is the purpose of making sure a patient has normal creatinine lab before an MRI?
- Answer To make sure their kidneys are working properly so they can flush out the dye
Meds to prevent stroke? - Answer Neuroprotective, anti-platelets, anticoagulants
If TPA is not an option, what else would you use? - Answer Heparin, Coumadin, Aspirin
Describe the administration requirements of TPA? - Answer Administer within TPA 60
minutes of ER admission. MUST administer within 3 hours of signs/symptoms of stroke.
Causes of TBI? - Answer SIDS, MVA, Falls, Sports, ETOH, drug use
**MVA most common throughout all ages
Describe and give examples of mild brain injury. - Answer -No long-lasting effects, rapid
recovery
-Concussion,
Describe and give examples of moderate brain injury. - Answer -LOC (few minutes to
hours)
-Confusion (days even weeks)
-Complete recovery or able to adapt to disability
-Severe concussion
Give examples of severe brain injury? - Answer -Prolonged LOC (days, weeks, months)
-Severe deficits
-Limited recovery
-Permanent disability
IE: vegetative state, coma, brain death
Methods to decrease increased intracranial pressure? - Answer Mannitol
Elevated head of bed
No bending at waist
Decrease stimuli/stress/straining/coughing
Give oxygen, corticosteroids
Bed rest
,Nursing 3 Final Exam
**Align head/neck with rest of body
Start IV
What should be avoided in patients with ICP? - Answer Stimuli/stress/straining
No smoking
Give stool softeners/laxatives
**No unnecessary suctioning!!
**No lying flat!
**No elevation of feet!
What are three categories of tx for brain tumors? - Answer Surgery
Radiation
Chemo
Treatments for embolytic stroke? - Answer **TPA,
**If someone is unable to get TPA: heparin/ASA, shunts, angioplasty
Sxs of hepatitis A. - Answer Mild flu-like sxs
Most common reasons for hep A? - Answer Fecal/oral route
Contaminated food/water
More common in pediatrics
Sxs of hepatitis B - Answer Jaundice
N/V, anorexia
Rash
Changes in stool (light colored) dark colored urine
Most common reasons for hepatitis B? - Answer Dirty needles, drug use, tattoos,
needle-stick
Sxs of hepatitis C? - Answer Mod-severe like flu symptoms
Most common reasons for hepatitis C? - Answer Blood and plasma to skin/mucus
Sxs of hepatitis D? - Answer Asymptomatic, co-infections may be more severe
**In order to have D you must have B!
Most common reasons for hep D? - Answer Blood/plasma, similar to hep b
Sxs of hepatitis E? - Answer Mild flu like sxs
Abdominal pain
Fatigue
Dark urine
Causes of cirrhosis of the liver - Answer 1st) ETOH
, Nursing 3 Final Exam
2nd) post necrotic biliary
3rd)Right-sided heart failure
Hepatitis B
Biliary (blocked bile ducts)
Hereditary
Hepatotoxic drugs
Males more common than females
Primary treatment for elevated ammonia levels? - Answer Lactulose?
What is the normal ammonia level? - Answer 15-45 (per NIH, not our book)
What is the normal aPTT? - Answer 25-35 is ? the control
What is the normal A1C? - Answer 4.5-6
What is the normal BUN? - Answer 8-20
What is the normal Calcium? - Answer 8.5-10.5
What is the normal chloride? - Answer 97-107
What is the normal creatinine? - Answer 0.6-1.2
What is the normal digoxin? - Answer 0.8-2
What is the normal Mg level? - Answer 1.8-3.0
What is the normal phosphorus level? - Answer 3-4.5
What is the normal WBC count? - Answer 5-10K
Complications of a liver biopsy? - Answer #1-Bleeding/hemorrhage (most important!!)
Infection, pain, N/V
What organ is a major site for metastasis? - Answer Liver
Common reasons for liver transplant (for an adult)? - Answer Cirrhosis,
Common reasons for liver transplant (for children)? - Answer Biliary atresia
What is the prevention method for hep b? - Answer Safe needle practices
Vaccinations
Get titer checked
Prevent infection
Non-modifiable risk factors for stroke? - Answer Age, family history, gender, sex, DM1
Modifiable risk factors for stroke? - Answer DM2, **HTN**, smoking, a.fib, sickle cell
What should you teach a client about risk factors for stroke? - Answer **Monitor/control
blood pressure**, Quit smoking, need to follow a healthy balanced diet, stop
drinking/drug use, decrease BMI
Diagnostic tests to evaluate stroke? - Answer CT, MRI, PET Scan
INR, PT, aPTT, Creatinine, allergies, BMP, CBC
What is the purpose of making sure a patient has normal creatinine lab before an MRI?
- Answer To make sure their kidneys are working properly so they can flush out the dye
Meds to prevent stroke? - Answer Neuroprotective, anti-platelets, anticoagulants
If TPA is not an option, what else would you use? - Answer Heparin, Coumadin, Aspirin
Describe the administration requirements of TPA? - Answer Administer within TPA 60
minutes of ER admission. MUST administer within 3 hours of signs/symptoms of stroke.
Causes of TBI? - Answer SIDS, MVA, Falls, Sports, ETOH, drug use
**MVA most common throughout all ages
Describe and give examples of mild brain injury. - Answer -No long-lasting effects, rapid
recovery
-Concussion,
Describe and give examples of moderate brain injury. - Answer -LOC (few minutes to
hours)
-Confusion (days even weeks)
-Complete recovery or able to adapt to disability
-Severe concussion
Give examples of severe brain injury? - Answer -Prolonged LOC (days, weeks, months)
-Severe deficits
-Limited recovery
-Permanent disability
IE: vegetative state, coma, brain death
Methods to decrease increased intracranial pressure? - Answer Mannitol
Elevated head of bed
No bending at waist
Decrease stimuli/stress/straining/coughing
Give oxygen, corticosteroids
Bed rest
,Nursing 3 Final Exam
**Align head/neck with rest of body
Start IV
What should be avoided in patients with ICP? - Answer Stimuli/stress/straining
No smoking
Give stool softeners/laxatives
**No unnecessary suctioning!!
**No lying flat!
**No elevation of feet!
What are three categories of tx for brain tumors? - Answer Surgery
Radiation
Chemo
Treatments for embolytic stroke? - Answer **TPA,
**If someone is unable to get TPA: heparin/ASA, shunts, angioplasty
Sxs of hepatitis A. - Answer Mild flu-like sxs
Most common reasons for hep A? - Answer Fecal/oral route
Contaminated food/water
More common in pediatrics
Sxs of hepatitis B - Answer Jaundice
N/V, anorexia
Rash
Changes in stool (light colored) dark colored urine
Most common reasons for hepatitis B? - Answer Dirty needles, drug use, tattoos,
needle-stick
Sxs of hepatitis C? - Answer Mod-severe like flu symptoms
Most common reasons for hepatitis C? - Answer Blood and plasma to skin/mucus
Sxs of hepatitis D? - Answer Asymptomatic, co-infections may be more severe
**In order to have D you must have B!
Most common reasons for hep D? - Answer Blood/plasma, similar to hep b
Sxs of hepatitis E? - Answer Mild flu like sxs
Abdominal pain
Fatigue
Dark urine
Causes of cirrhosis of the liver - Answer 1st) ETOH
, Nursing 3 Final Exam
2nd) post necrotic biliary
3rd)Right-sided heart failure
Hepatitis B
Biliary (blocked bile ducts)
Hereditary
Hepatotoxic drugs
Males more common than females
Primary treatment for elevated ammonia levels? - Answer Lactulose?
What is the normal ammonia level? - Answer 15-45 (per NIH, not our book)
What is the normal aPTT? - Answer 25-35 is ? the control
What is the normal A1C? - Answer 4.5-6
What is the normal BUN? - Answer 8-20
What is the normal Calcium? - Answer 8.5-10.5
What is the normal chloride? - Answer 97-107
What is the normal creatinine? - Answer 0.6-1.2
What is the normal digoxin? - Answer 0.8-2
What is the normal Mg level? - Answer 1.8-3.0
What is the normal phosphorus level? - Answer 3-4.5
What is the normal WBC count? - Answer 5-10K
Complications of a liver biopsy? - Answer #1-Bleeding/hemorrhage (most important!!)
Infection, pain, N/V
What organ is a major site for metastasis? - Answer Liver
Common reasons for liver transplant (for an adult)? - Answer Cirrhosis,
Common reasons for liver transplant (for children)? - Answer Biliary atresia
What is the prevention method for hep b? - Answer Safe needle practices
Vaccinations
Get titer checked
Prevent infection
