lOMoAR cPSD| 11450120
Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
6th Edition Dains Test Bank
Advanced Health Assessment &
Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
6th Edition Dains Test Bank
(All Chapters Covered)
Downloaded by DJ poppy paps ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 11450120
Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
6th Edition Dains Test Bank
Downloaded by DJ poppy paps ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 11450120
Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6th
EditionDainsTestBank
Chapter 1:Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis,evidence-basedpractice, and symptomana
MultipleChoice
Identifythechoicethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.
1. Whichtypeofclinical decision-makingismostreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Whichofthefollowingis false?Toobtainadequatehistory,health-careprovidersmustbe:
A. Methodicalandsystematic
B. Attentivetothepatient‘sverbalandnonverballanguage
C. Able toaccuratelyinterpretthepatient‘sresponses
D. Adeptatreadingintothepatient‘sstatements
3. Essential partsofahealthhistoryincludeallofthefollowingexcept:
A. Chiefcomplaint
B. Historyofthepresent illness
C. Currentvitalsigns
D. Alloftheaboveareessential historycomponents
4. Whichofthefollowingis false?Whileperformingthephysicalexamination,theexaminer mustbeableto:
A. Differentiatebetweennormalandabnormalfindings
B. Recallknowledge ofarangeofconditionsandtheirassociatedsigns andsymptoms
C. Recognizehowcertainconditionsaffecttheresponsetootherconditions
D. Foreseeunpredictablefindings
5. Thefollowingistheleastreliablesourceofinformationfordiagnosticstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedinvestigations
B. Primaryreportsofresearch
C. Estimation basedonaprovider‘sexperience
D. Publishedmeta-analyses
6. Thefollowingcanbeusedtoassistinsound clinicaldecision-making:
A. Algorithmpublishedinapeer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinicalpracticeguidelines
C. Evidence-basedresearch
D. All oftheabove
7. Ifadiagnosticstudyhashighsensitivity,thisindicates a:
A. Highpercentageofpersonswiththegivenconditionwillhaveanabnormalresult
B. Lowpercentageofpersonswiththegivenconditionwillhaveanabnormalresult
C. Lowlikelihoodofnormalresult inpersonswithoutagivencondition
D. Noneoftheabove
8. Ifadiagnosticstudyhashighspecificity,thisindicatesa:
A. Lowpercentageofhealthyindividuals willshowanormalresult
B. Highpercentageofhealthyindividualswillshowanormalresult
C. Highpercentageofindividualswithadisorderwillshowanormalresult
D. Lowpercentageofindividualswithadisorderwill showanabnormal result
9. Alikelihoodratioabove1indicatesthatadiagnostictestshowinga:
A. Positiveresultisstronglyassociated withthedisease
B. Negativeresultisstronglyassociatedwithabsenceofthedisease
C. Positiveresultisweaklyassociatedwiththedisease
D. Negativeresultisweaklyassociatedwithabsenceofthedisease
10. Whichofthefollowingclinicalreasoningtoolsisdefinedasevidence-basedresourcebasedonmathematicalmodeling
toexpressthelikelihoodofa conditioninselectsituations,settings,and/orpatients?
, lOMoAR cPSD| 11450120
A. Clinicalpracticeguideline
B. Clinicaldecisionrule
C. Clinical algorithm
Chapter1:Clinicalreasoning,differentialdiagnosis,evidence-basedpractice,andsymptomana
AnswerSection
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-
making (similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable
andpaired with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has
greaterreliabilitywithrareerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient‘s verbal and nonverbal language, and
ableto accurately interpret the patient‘s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the patient‘s statements, they clarify
anyareasofuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalsignsarepartofthephysicalexaminationportionofpatientassessment,notpartofthehealthhistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal
findings,recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain
conditions affecttheresponsetootherconditions, anddistinguishtherelevanceofvariedabnormalfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-analyses. Another source
ofstatistics,theonethathasbeenmostwidelyusedandavailableforapplicationtothereasoningprocess,istheestimationbasedona
provider‘s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to
baseclinicalreasoningisimproving,andthereisanincreasingexpectationthatclinicalreasoningbebased onscientificevidence.
Evidence-basedstatisticsarealsoincreasinglybeingusedtodevelopresourcestofacilitateclinicaldecision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been developed to assist the
clinician.Resources,suchasalgorithmsand clinicalpracticeguidelines, assistinclinical reasoningwhenproperlyapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an abnormal, or
positive,result.Ahighsensitivityindicatesthatagreaterpercentageofpersonswiththegivencondition will haveanabnormalresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal result. The greater
thespecificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, results if they do not have the
targetcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person who has the target condition and
anegative result will be associated with a healthy person. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a positive result is
associatedwiththedisease;alikelihoodratiolessthan1indicatesthatanegativeresultis associatedwithanabsence ofthedisease.
Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
6th Edition Dains Test Bank
Advanced Health Assessment &
Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
6th Edition Dains Test Bank
(All Chapters Covered)
Downloaded by DJ poppy paps ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 11450120
Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
6th Edition Dains Test Bank
Downloaded by DJ poppy paps ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 11450120
Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6th
EditionDainsTestBank
Chapter 1:Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis,evidence-basedpractice, and symptomana
MultipleChoice
Identifythechoicethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.
1. Whichtypeofclinical decision-makingismostreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Whichofthefollowingis false?Toobtainadequatehistory,health-careprovidersmustbe:
A. Methodicalandsystematic
B. Attentivetothepatient‘sverbalandnonverballanguage
C. Able toaccuratelyinterpretthepatient‘sresponses
D. Adeptatreadingintothepatient‘sstatements
3. Essential partsofahealthhistoryincludeallofthefollowingexcept:
A. Chiefcomplaint
B. Historyofthepresent illness
C. Currentvitalsigns
D. Alloftheaboveareessential historycomponents
4. Whichofthefollowingis false?Whileperformingthephysicalexamination,theexaminer mustbeableto:
A. Differentiatebetweennormalandabnormalfindings
B. Recallknowledge ofarangeofconditionsandtheirassociatedsigns andsymptoms
C. Recognizehowcertainconditionsaffecttheresponsetootherconditions
D. Foreseeunpredictablefindings
5. Thefollowingistheleastreliablesourceofinformationfordiagnosticstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedinvestigations
B. Primaryreportsofresearch
C. Estimation basedonaprovider‘sexperience
D. Publishedmeta-analyses
6. Thefollowingcanbeusedtoassistinsound clinicaldecision-making:
A. Algorithmpublishedinapeer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinicalpracticeguidelines
C. Evidence-basedresearch
D. All oftheabove
7. Ifadiagnosticstudyhashighsensitivity,thisindicates a:
A. Highpercentageofpersonswiththegivenconditionwillhaveanabnormalresult
B. Lowpercentageofpersonswiththegivenconditionwillhaveanabnormalresult
C. Lowlikelihoodofnormalresult inpersonswithoutagivencondition
D. Noneoftheabove
8. Ifadiagnosticstudyhashighspecificity,thisindicatesa:
A. Lowpercentageofhealthyindividuals willshowanormalresult
B. Highpercentageofhealthyindividualswillshowanormalresult
C. Highpercentageofindividualswithadisorderwillshowanormalresult
D. Lowpercentageofindividualswithadisorderwill showanabnormal result
9. Alikelihoodratioabove1indicatesthatadiagnostictestshowinga:
A. Positiveresultisstronglyassociated withthedisease
B. Negativeresultisstronglyassociatedwithabsenceofthedisease
C. Positiveresultisweaklyassociatedwiththedisease
D. Negativeresultisweaklyassociatedwithabsenceofthedisease
10. Whichofthefollowingclinicalreasoningtoolsisdefinedasevidence-basedresourcebasedonmathematicalmodeling
toexpressthelikelihoodofa conditioninselectsituations,settings,and/orpatients?
, lOMoAR cPSD| 11450120
A. Clinicalpracticeguideline
B. Clinicaldecisionrule
C. Clinical algorithm
Chapter1:Clinicalreasoning,differentialdiagnosis,evidence-basedpractice,andsymptomana
AnswerSection
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-
making (similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable
andpaired with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has
greaterreliabilitywithrareerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient‘s verbal and nonverbal language, and
ableto accurately interpret the patient‘s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the patient‘s statements, they clarify
anyareasofuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalsignsarepartofthephysicalexaminationportionofpatientassessment,notpartofthehealthhistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal
findings,recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain
conditions affecttheresponsetootherconditions, anddistinguishtherelevanceofvariedabnormalfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-analyses. Another source
ofstatistics,theonethathasbeenmostwidelyusedandavailableforapplicationtothereasoningprocess,istheestimationbasedona
provider‘s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to
baseclinicalreasoningisimproving,andthereisanincreasingexpectationthatclinicalreasoningbebased onscientificevidence.
Evidence-basedstatisticsarealsoincreasinglybeingusedtodevelopresourcestofacilitateclinicaldecision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been developed to assist the
clinician.Resources,suchasalgorithmsand clinicalpracticeguidelines, assistinclinical reasoningwhenproperlyapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an abnormal, or
positive,result.Ahighsensitivityindicatesthatagreaterpercentageofpersonswiththegivencondition will haveanabnormalresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal result. The greater
thespecificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, results if they do not have the
targetcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person who has the target condition and
anegative result will be associated with a healthy person. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a positive result is
associatedwiththedisease;alikelihoodratiolessthan1indicatesthatanegativeresultis associatedwithanabsence ofthedisease.
