NAPSR FINAL 2022 EXAM (ALL ANSWERS CORRECT).

NAPSR FINAL 2022 EXAM (ALL ANSWERS CORRECT)./ NAPSR FINAL 2022 EXAM (ALL ANSWERS CORRECT) 1. How are drugs sorted into therapeutic groups and classes?: A. first by the conditions that they are used to treat. and then by their mechanisms of action 2. Bone marrow transplants...: are a type of stem cell therapy. unless patient's own cells are reinjected. 3. What does AMA stand for?: C. American Medical Association 4. What section of a drug's package insert describes situations in which the drug should not be used because the risks outweigh the therapeutic benefits?: B. Contraindications 5. What is tertiary care?: highly specialized medical and surgical care provided by a large medical center for unusual or complex medical problems brand quality 6. What are vasodilators used to do?: decrease vascular resistance and in- crease blood flow 7. What is the name of the condition that occurs after a specific dose of a drug is given at such regular intervals that absorption and elimination (and therefore drug plasma concentration) have become fairly constant?: steady state 8. Which statement is TRUE about ocular administration?: Ocular administra- tion is used primarily to treat the eye. 9. Which entities invest's the most money in pharmaceutical R&D?: U.S. pharmaceutical companies 10. How are most drugs excreted?: Via the kidneys 11. Over the last few decades, what has happened to legal limitations on sales' reps discussions about off label uses?: Limitations have decreased. 12. According to your manual, which of the following is an example of a branding"fundamental"?: The brand name 13. What does it mean if two drugs are "at parity"?: Both drugs are essentially in a neutral position 14. Who is most likely to benefit from electronic sampling programs?: Every- one would benefit equally from electronic sampling programs 15. When referring to medication dosage, which abbreviation means "one-half': SS 16. What is an internist?: a physician who practices internal medicine 17. Which of the following is a type of white blood cell?: Lymphocytes 18. Why are novice sales representatives often placed in charge of nego- tiating MCO formularies?: They are not. This job is usually reserved for more experienced reps. 19. What proportion of the drugs tested on human subjects are eventually approved by the FDA?: about 70% 20. According to a study discussed in your manual, how do most physicians prefer to receive their drug samples?: directly from sales representatives 21. Which of the following is an example of a central value?: I buy Advil to show that I'm a modern consumer. 22. Which of the following specialties likely has the MOST emergency calls?- : cardiology 23. What affects the rate of active transport?: the availability of carriers and energy 24. Over the last few decades, what has happened to the FDA approval time for new drugs?: It has been shortened to reduce the cost of new drug development. 25. Which of the following would NOT help improve compliance?: pharma- cists understanding how generics differ from brand name drugs 26. Which entity chooses a drug's trade name?: the FDA 27. What type of stem cells are obtained from embryos and can develop into any cell type?: totipotent. 28. As the price a patient pays for a prescription increases, what happens to the likelihood that the patient will fill it?: It remains unaffected because the prescription is needed. 29. Most involuntary movements come from which type of muscle tissue?: - cardiac and smooth 30. Which of the following is NOT one of the body's major organ systems?: - the cellular system 31. How do most drugs exert their primary physiological effects?: by binding to cell receptors that are sensitive to their presence 32. What is the most reliable source of information for determining therapeu- tically equivalent drug products?: Orange Book 33. What does subcutaneous mean?: beneath the outer skin 34. What should a sales representative do if all of the prime spaces in a drug cabinet are occupied?: ask staff for permission to move some of the other products in the cabinet 35. Which one of the following testing methods is not commonly used for Allergy Testing?: Urine test 36. The FDA defines API as the active ingredient in a drug, which produces the desired change in the body.: pharmaceutical 37. What are the 2 legal classifications of wholesalers?: primary and sec- ondary wholesale distributors 38. What term describes the usage of a medication for purposes other than the FDA- approved indications on the labeling?: off-label usage 39. What is the acronym for pharmacokinetics?: PK 40. Which of the following is not a purpose of the Arthrocentesis diagnostic test?: To monitor joint density 41. What is typically NOT a characteristic of a pharmaceutical sales rep?: - Pharmaceutical sales reps are not concerned about competitors. 42. What entity grants drug patents?: the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office 43. Which of the following refers to all active and inert pharmaceutical ingre- dients in a drug, including fillers and colors?: formulation 44. What is the difference between potency and efficacy?: Potency refers to the drug's strength, while efficacy refers to its effectiveness. 45. The neurological examination is a series of simple questions and tests that provide crucial information about nervous system. It is an inexpensive, non-invasive way to determine what might go wrong.The neurological exam- ination is devided into several components. Which of the below is not one of them?: Heart rate 46. How many names must a drug have?: at least three 47. How has a longer development time increased the cost of bringing a new drug to market?: by increasing the cost of capital 48. 50. Senior citizens consume over times as many pharmaceuticals as people under 65.: three times 49. 51. What agency regulates the distribution and use of narcotics?: DEA 50. 52. What is passive diffusion?: the use of energy to help a substance pass from a low concentration gradient to a high one 51. 53. What are the MAIN categories of drugs under FDA jurisdiction?: pre- scription and non prescription 52. 54. Which of the following is a natural uterotonic agent?: oxytocin 53. 55. What are all metabolites?: products of metabolism 54. 56. When a drug is administered orally, where does first-pass metabolism occur?: liver 55. 57. What is the medical term for swelling?: edema 56. 58. Which of the following is NOT part of the Seven Step Cascade of Emotion?: be a consultant. not a rep 57. 59. Which part of a clinical research paper is frequently referred to as the road map?: abstract 58. 60. Which of the following is a main active ingredient in lung surfactants?- : theophylline 59. 61. What does parenteral mean?: injection 60. 62. Which term denotes a type of substance that enhances the action of a drug or antigen?: adjuvant 61. 63. If a sales representative's product is placed on the second tier of a standard three-tier formulary, which of the following is most likely true?: It probably has exclusive preferred status if it is not at parity with any other drugs. 62. 64. Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic transport mecha- nisms?: homeostasis 63. 65. Which statement accurately describes a relationship between drug agonists and antagonists?: Agonists and antagonists can be used together. 64. 66. What is the study of the effects and movement of drugs in the human body?: clinical pharmacology 65. 67. According to your manual, what is a common complaint that physi- cians have about traditional sampling methods?: that drug sample supply is too unpredictable 66. 68. Which of these entities is formed by two or more hospitals or other healthcare entities to negotiate reduced rates with its aggregated purchasing power?: GPO 67. 69. What is another name for a drug derived from a biologic compound?- : large molecule 68. 70. What is the most common policy regarding pharmaceutical reps dispensing drug samples in hospitals?: Drug sampling is often forbidden. 69. 71. Which of the following would help you build trust with a physician?- : asking if he or she is having any problems with the managed care coverage of your products 70. 72. What term denotes the difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that induces severe or life-threatening side effects?: margin of safety 71. 73. What are excipients?: the inert ingredients in a drug formulation 72. 74. What is another term for the AWP?: list price 73. 75. Which of these is the most likely use for a uterotonic agent?: to induce labor 74. 76. Ordinary x-rays are the most common imaging test as these provide a picture of the inside of the body. Which of following is not a common medical imaging test?: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 75. 77. Why are oral drugs often taken on an empty stomach?: to pass through the stomach more quickly 76. 78. What is one factor that differentiates community health centers from hospitals: Community health center formularies are more restrictive. 77. 79. How does drug sampling provide a social benefit?: Doctors often use drug samples to treat patients who otherwise could not afford it 78. 80. Which medical term denotes the use of a stethoscope to listen to the heart?: auscultation 79. 81. What do enteric coatings do?: prevent dissolution in the stomach 80. 82. What is the duration of exclusivity for orphan drugs?: 7 years 81. 83. What do National Account Managers do?: negotiate contracts with MCOs and PBMs 82. 84. What does it usually mean if a drug recall is voluntary?: The manufac- turer has recalled the product on its own. but negotiated with the FDA beforhand 83. 85. Which phase of clinical trials is also known as the pivotal phase?: - phase III 84. 86. During which phase of clinical trials is the new drug's safety and effectiveness first tested in the target group?: phase II 85. 87. How do antacids work?: by raising gastric pH 86. 88. What is one of the biggest time wasters for a pharmaceutical sales rep?: travel time 87. 89. What happens when equilibrium is reached?: equal numbers of mole- cules cross the membrane in both directions 88. 90. What are the most common vectors used in gene therapy?: viruses 89. 91. What is the percentage fee that the dispenser pays the wholesaler for distribution?: upcharge 90. 92. What is the difference between a chronic (or continuing) reaction, and a delayed reaction?: chronic eractions persist for a ling time wheras delayed reactions take some time to develop 91. 93 What is clinical effect?: the response produced by a medication 92. 94. Which of the following is an example of noncompliance?: a patient forgetting to take a drug at a specified time of day 93. 95. What is the average circulation time of blood?: about a minute 94. 96. What is one way in which pharmaceutical selling is different from selling in most other industries?: Representatives do NOT sell to the end user of the product. 95. 97. From what types of entities do primary wholesale distributors buy most of their drugs?: manufacturers 96. 98.What is the Office of the Inspector General (01G)?: an arm of the Department of Health and Human Service 97. 99. What are doctors required to consider when deciding whether or not to prescribe a particular drug?: the severity of the disorder being treated and the effect it has on the patient's quality of life 98. 100. Which entity assigns a new drug its generic names?: the United States Adopted Name Council 99. 101. Drugs can be used days beyond their expiration date.: D. none of these 100. 102. What is necessary for a drug to be excreted extensively via the kidneys?: A. The drug must be water-soluble. and not bind too tightly to proteins in the bloodstream. 101. 103. Which organization or individual initiates the clinical trial and fi- nances the study?: D. sponsor 102. 104. The name describes the atomic or molecular structure of a drug.: A. chemical 103. 105. Under PhRMA Code, is it acceptable or unacceptable for a phar- maceutical sales rep to take a physician and the physician's spouse to a fundraising dinner: D. unacceptable 104. 106. The Hatch-Waxman Act is considered the most significant drug-re- lated affecting the pharmaceutical industry since 1962.: legislation 105. 107. What term denotes the the extent, quality, or degree to which a substance is poisonous or harmful to the body?: toxicity 106. 108. What issue has MOST encouraged consumers' desire to see more OTC medications?: B. lack of insurance coverage 107. 109. What is the degree to which a medication produces a therapeutic effect: B. efficacy 108. 110. What is the most important benefit of electronic prescribing?: D. safety 109. 111. When does the FDA regulate generic drugs?: C. always 110. 112. Which phase of trials largely determines the clinical dose?: B. Phase II trials 111. 113. What is an advantage of inactivated vaccines over attenuated vac- cines: C. Inactivated vaccines have a more stable shelf life. 112. 114. Which medical term denotes a low supply of oxygen due to low blood flow: B. ischemia 113. 115. What are the two main types of prescription drug marketing?: C. (1) professional physician promotions. and (2) direct-to-consumer advertising 114. 116. What is the site of delivery for subcutaneous injections?: A. fatty tissue beneath the surface of the skin 115. 117. What must be contained in the Description section of a pharmaceu- tical package insert?: D. the proprietary name and the established name 116. 118. What is the study of a medication's effects as it travels through the body?: D. pharmacokinetics 117. 119. Customers purchase products from people they like, trust, and respect. This is called the : C. likeability factor 118. 120. What is penicillin's primary mechanism of action?: A. It disturbs bacterial cell wall synthesis. 119. 121. According to your manual, how has the U.S. healthcare marketplace changed in the last few decades?: B. Managed care has been increasingly replaced by more patient-centered approaches. 120. 122. How does pharmaceutical marketing help narrow the treatment gap?: A. It encourages patients to take more active roles in their healthcare. 121. 123. What do immunosuppressive agents do?: C. reduce the risk of rejec- tion of foreign bodies 122. 124. What types of drugs are EGFR inhibitors?: A. antineoplastics 123. 125. Which of the following means outside of the living body?: C. ex vivo 124. 126. The FDA requirements for nutraceuticals and medicinal herbs are just as stringent as for pharmaceuticals.: B. FALSE 125. 127. What is the estimated net gain of private-sector healthcare's con- tributions to increased U.S. life expectancy?: D. $ 2-5 trillion 126. 128. Which statement is TRUE regarding post-approval drug monitor- ing?: D. The FDA can choose to withdraw their approval if new evidence arises. 127. 129. Which term denotes when tolerance to one medication causes increased tolerance to another medication?: B. cross-tolerance 128. 130. Patents expire years from the date of filing.: C. twenty 129. 131. After a trade-name drug's patent expires, how may generic versions of it be sold?: Only under the generic branded name 130. 132. What is required for a new pharmaceutical to be considered a viable therapy?: D. It is more effective and/or causes fewer serious adverse effects than other drugs on the market 131. 133. Under the AMA guidelines, who is ultimately responsible for mini- mizing conflicts of interest?: doctors 132. 134. The act of dispensing a pharmaceutical alternative for the product prescribed is?: D. pharmaceutical substitution 133. 135. What does it mean if a drug is said to have a wide margin of safety?: D. There is a lower chance of severe or life-threatening side effects. 134. 136. Which of the following is the correct medical acronym for effective dose?: ED 135. 137. Why is one group of subjects given an active drug, while another group only receives a placebo?: to assess the drug's effectiveness 136. 138. A generic version is likely to have some inactive ingredients that are different from those of the original drug: A. TRUE 137. 139. Body functions are measured by recording and analyzing the activi- ty of organs. Which of the following is not a body function diagnostic test?: C. Biopsy (B) 138. 140. Where are most drugs metabolized?: B. liver 139. 141. What is essential to the ethical requirement that subjects be select- ed fairly?: C. Subjects should be selected based on scientific objectives. 140. 142. Which of the following is the most appropriate salutation for a cover letter if you cannot find a contact name?: B. Dear Sir or Madam, 141. 143. What is part of becoming an indispensable pharmaceutical sales rep?: A. asking for feedback 142. 144. Which of the following is NOT typically included in the indications and usage section of the package insert information?: B. the drug's active metabolites 143. 145. Which term denotes the practice of classifying physicians and other potential prescribers by anticipated prescription volume?: B. deciling 144. 146. What makes a drug eligible for fast track approval from the FDA?: D. It treats patients with a serious. life-threatening condition. 145. 147. In the gastrointestinal tract, help break up tablets to en- sure full release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient.: B. disintegrants 146. 148. According to your manual, what does the PDRP do?: D. It limits sales representatives' abilities to see individual physicians' prescribing data. 147. 149. What are the components of the central nervous system?: B. the brain and spinal cord 148. 150. Which term denotes the origin or cause of a medical condition?: - etiology 149. 151. Patients diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes...: B. ...have an autoimmune disease. 150. 152. Which DTC pharmaceutical marketing tactic is permitted in Euro- pean countries?: A. disease state ads 151. 153. What is one way in which psychologists DIFFER from psychiatrists- : B. Psychologists deal more with emotional than physical issues. 152. 154. What are PBMs?: C. organizations that negotiate between pharmaceu- tical companies and large drug purchasers 153. 155. How does the Hatch-Waxman Act protect research-based drug manufacturers: C. by providing a 30-month cooling off period 154. 156. What is the process of adjusting drug doses to achieve the maxi- mum positive therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse or side effects?- : D. Titration 155. 157. Which of the following is studied more in pharmacodynamics than in pharmacokinetics?: C. the transportation of the drug to the specific site for drug-receptor interaction 156. 158. How does the healthy human immune system use MHC markers?- : D. Substances without MHC markers are discerned as foreign and targeted for destruction. 157. 159. What is a behind-the-counter drug?: A. an OTC drug that must be closely monitored by the pharmacist 158. 160. When do MSLs meet with clinicians?: A. at nearly any stage of the product's life cycle