NURS 3100 Final Exam
Ingestion of food; Propulsion of food and wastes; Secretion; Mechanical digestion of
food particles; Immune protection - Answer What are the functions of the
gastrointestinal tract?
Mucosa - Answer Inner lining that protects against microbes and is the first line of
defense
Submucosa - Answer Lining that has the function of propulsion
Enteric Plexus - Answer Intrinsic nerves that control motility, secretion, sensation and
blood flow
Mouth - Answer Reservoir for chewing and mixing of food with saliva; Taste buds: salty,
sour, bitter, sweet, savory (umami)
Submandibular, sublingual, parotid - Answer What are the three pairs of salivary
glands?
Alpha Amylase - Answer Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
Saliva - Answer Water with mucus, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride, potassium and alpha
amylase; controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
Peristalsis - Answer Coordinated sequential contraction and relaxation of outer
longitudinal and inner circular layers of muscles
Upper Esophageal Sphincter - Answer Keeps air from entering the esophagus during
respiration
Lower Esophageal Sphincter - Answer Prevents regurgitation from the stomach and
caustic injury to the esophagus
Oropharyngeal - Answer Phase of swallowing when food is formed into bolus and
forced toward pharynx; pharynx contracts; respiration inhibited and epiglottis slides
down
Esophageal - Answer Phase of swallowing when food bolus enters esophagus;
esophagus relaxes; peristalsis occurs to move food down to lower esophageal
sphincter; food bolus enters stomach
Stomach - Answer A hollow, muscular organ that stores food, secretes digestive juices,
mixes food with the juices, and propels partially digested food (chyme)
Cardiac orifice, pyloric sphincter, pylorus - Answer What are the 3 boundaries of the
stomach?
,NURS 3100 Final Exam
Fundus, body, antrum - Answer What are the 3 functional areas of the stomach?
longitudinal (outer), circular (middle), oblique (inner) - Answer What are the 3 layers of
smooth muscle in the stomach?
Celiac artery - Answer Where does the blood supply of the stomach come from?
Swallowing - Answer Causes relaxation of stomach; facilitated by gastrin and
cholecystokinin
Motilin - Answer Increases peristalsis
Secretin - Answer Decreases peristalsis
Gastric mixing and emptying - Answer Retropulsion; rate dependent on volume, osmotic
pressure and chemical composition
Cephalic, gastric, intestinal - Answer What are the 3 phases of gastric secretion?
Cephalic - Answer Gastric secretion phase stimulated by thought, smell, and taste of
food
Gastric - Answer Gastric secretion phase stimulated by distension of stomach
Intestinal - Answer Gastric secretion phase stimulated by histamine and digested
protein
Mucus - Answer Gastric secretion with function of protection; Stimulated by
prostaglandins
Acid and Enzymes - Answer Gastric secretions with function of breakdown
Hormones - Answer Gastric secretion with function to help create peristalsis
Acid - Answer Secreted by parietal cells; Dissolves food fibers, acts as a bactericide
against swallowed microorganisms, and converts pepsinogen to pepsin
Pepsin - Answer Secreted by chief cells; Proteolytic Enzyme that breaks down protein
and forms polypeptides in the stomach
Small Intestine - Answer 5 to 6 meters long; has 3 segments-Duodenum, jejunum,
ileum; inervated by enteric nerves-Myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus; Two layers
of smooth muscle-Longitudinal (outer) and circular (inner); absorption through villi
Treitz Ligament - Answer Separates duodenum and jejunum
, NURS 3100 Final Exam
Peritoneum - Answer Membrane surrounding the organs of the abdomen and pelvic
cavity
Gastroduodenal - Answer Which artery supplies the duodenum?
Superior Mesenteric - Answer Which artery supplies the jejunum and ilium?
Microvilli - Answer Increases surface area of small intestine
Brush Border - Answer Produces mucus layer of small intestine
Laminal Propria - Answer Contains lymphocytes in small intestine
Lacteal - Answer Lymphatic channel within small intestine
Crypts of Lieberkuhn - Answer Produce stem cells of small intestine
Stomach - Answer Where are actions of gastric hydrochloric acid and pepsin initiated?
Proximal Portion of Small Intestine - Answer Where does the action of pancreatic
enzymes, intestinal enzymes and bile salts continue (carbohydrate breakdown, proteins
degraded, fats emulsified)?
Digestion, absorption - Answer The movements of small intestine facilitate both
_______ and ________.
Ileogastric Reflex and Intestinointestinal Reflex - Answer Inhibits gastric motility
Gastroileal Reflex - Answer Stimulates ileal motility
Cecum - Answer Pouch in large intestine that receives chyme from the ileum
Sphincters - Answer Help food to not go backwards or translocate
Teniae Coli - Answer Three longitudinal bands in the longitudinal muscle layer of the
cecum and colon; Shorter than the colon and give it a gathered appearance
Proximal Colon - Answer Vagal stimulation increases rhythmic contraction of what?
Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries - Answer Where is the blood supply of the
large intestine primarily derived from?
Gastrocolic Reflex - Answer Causes the fecal mass to pass rapidly into the sigmoid
colon and rectum
Ingestion of food; Propulsion of food and wastes; Secretion; Mechanical digestion of
food particles; Immune protection - Answer What are the functions of the
gastrointestinal tract?
Mucosa - Answer Inner lining that protects against microbes and is the first line of
defense
Submucosa - Answer Lining that has the function of propulsion
Enteric Plexus - Answer Intrinsic nerves that control motility, secretion, sensation and
blood flow
Mouth - Answer Reservoir for chewing and mixing of food with saliva; Taste buds: salty,
sour, bitter, sweet, savory (umami)
Submandibular, sublingual, parotid - Answer What are the three pairs of salivary
glands?
Alpha Amylase - Answer Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
Saliva - Answer Water with mucus, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride, potassium and alpha
amylase; controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
Peristalsis - Answer Coordinated sequential contraction and relaxation of outer
longitudinal and inner circular layers of muscles
Upper Esophageal Sphincter - Answer Keeps air from entering the esophagus during
respiration
Lower Esophageal Sphincter - Answer Prevents regurgitation from the stomach and
caustic injury to the esophagus
Oropharyngeal - Answer Phase of swallowing when food is formed into bolus and
forced toward pharynx; pharynx contracts; respiration inhibited and epiglottis slides
down
Esophageal - Answer Phase of swallowing when food bolus enters esophagus;
esophagus relaxes; peristalsis occurs to move food down to lower esophageal
sphincter; food bolus enters stomach
Stomach - Answer A hollow, muscular organ that stores food, secretes digestive juices,
mixes food with the juices, and propels partially digested food (chyme)
Cardiac orifice, pyloric sphincter, pylorus - Answer What are the 3 boundaries of the
stomach?
,NURS 3100 Final Exam
Fundus, body, antrum - Answer What are the 3 functional areas of the stomach?
longitudinal (outer), circular (middle), oblique (inner) - Answer What are the 3 layers of
smooth muscle in the stomach?
Celiac artery - Answer Where does the blood supply of the stomach come from?
Swallowing - Answer Causes relaxation of stomach; facilitated by gastrin and
cholecystokinin
Motilin - Answer Increases peristalsis
Secretin - Answer Decreases peristalsis
Gastric mixing and emptying - Answer Retropulsion; rate dependent on volume, osmotic
pressure and chemical composition
Cephalic, gastric, intestinal - Answer What are the 3 phases of gastric secretion?
Cephalic - Answer Gastric secretion phase stimulated by thought, smell, and taste of
food
Gastric - Answer Gastric secretion phase stimulated by distension of stomach
Intestinal - Answer Gastric secretion phase stimulated by histamine and digested
protein
Mucus - Answer Gastric secretion with function of protection; Stimulated by
prostaglandins
Acid and Enzymes - Answer Gastric secretions with function of breakdown
Hormones - Answer Gastric secretion with function to help create peristalsis
Acid - Answer Secreted by parietal cells; Dissolves food fibers, acts as a bactericide
against swallowed microorganisms, and converts pepsinogen to pepsin
Pepsin - Answer Secreted by chief cells; Proteolytic Enzyme that breaks down protein
and forms polypeptides in the stomach
Small Intestine - Answer 5 to 6 meters long; has 3 segments-Duodenum, jejunum,
ileum; inervated by enteric nerves-Myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus; Two layers
of smooth muscle-Longitudinal (outer) and circular (inner); absorption through villi
Treitz Ligament - Answer Separates duodenum and jejunum
, NURS 3100 Final Exam
Peritoneum - Answer Membrane surrounding the organs of the abdomen and pelvic
cavity
Gastroduodenal - Answer Which artery supplies the duodenum?
Superior Mesenteric - Answer Which artery supplies the jejunum and ilium?
Microvilli - Answer Increases surface area of small intestine
Brush Border - Answer Produces mucus layer of small intestine
Laminal Propria - Answer Contains lymphocytes in small intestine
Lacteal - Answer Lymphatic channel within small intestine
Crypts of Lieberkuhn - Answer Produce stem cells of small intestine
Stomach - Answer Where are actions of gastric hydrochloric acid and pepsin initiated?
Proximal Portion of Small Intestine - Answer Where does the action of pancreatic
enzymes, intestinal enzymes and bile salts continue (carbohydrate breakdown, proteins
degraded, fats emulsified)?
Digestion, absorption - Answer The movements of small intestine facilitate both
_______ and ________.
Ileogastric Reflex and Intestinointestinal Reflex - Answer Inhibits gastric motility
Gastroileal Reflex - Answer Stimulates ileal motility
Cecum - Answer Pouch in large intestine that receives chyme from the ileum
Sphincters - Answer Help food to not go backwards or translocate
Teniae Coli - Answer Three longitudinal bands in the longitudinal muscle layer of the
cecum and colon; Shorter than the colon and give it a gathered appearance
Proximal Colon - Answer Vagal stimulation increases rhythmic contraction of what?
Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries - Answer Where is the blood supply of the
large intestine primarily derived from?
Gastrocolic Reflex - Answer Causes the fecal mass to pass rapidly into the sigmoid
colon and rectum
