Module 2 Quiz NURS 5366 /2022

Module 2 Quiz  Due Apr 18 at 11:59pm  Points 100  Questions 20  Available Apr 16 at 8am - Apr 18 at 11:59pm 3 days  Time Limit 60 Minutes Instructions This quiz has 20 multiple choice questions, and you will have 60 minutes in which to complete it. Use your time wisely. Quizzes will not be re-opened or re-set because you have run out of time and did not complete them. You must complete the quiz in one sitting. You may go back and forth between questions. The quiz will open and close at the dates and times listed in your syllabus. For any additional problems with the quiz, contact your course faculty, immediately via e-mail for assistance. Do not contact your Coach. Online quizzes are individual work and you may use your book or course materials to assist you in answering the questions. Sharing or receiving information is a matter of academic dishonesty and will be reported to the Office of Community Standards. Students enrolled in all UT Arlington courses are expected to adhere to the UT Arlington Honor Code: I pledge, on my honor, to uphold UT Arlington’s tradition of academic integrity, a tradition that values hard work and honest effort in the pursuit of academic excellence. I promise that I will submit only work that I personally create or contribute to group collaborations, and I will appropriately reference any work from other sources. I will follow the highest standards of integrity and uphold the spirit of the Honor Code. Attempt History Attempt Time LATEST Attempt 1 17 minutes Correct answers are hidden. Score for this quiz: 100 out of 100 Submitted Apr 16 at 8:56pm This attempt took 17 minutes. Question 1 5 / 5 pts A stimulus or activity that is measured to examine the effect created by the independent variable best describes a(n) _____ variable. Extraneous Demographic Independent Dependent In quantitative research, the independent variable (intervention, treatment, or experimental variable) is manipulated or varied by the researcher to cause an effect on the dependent variable. The dependent variable (response or outcome variable) is measured to examine the effect created by the independent variable. An independent variable is a stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to create an effect on the dependent variable. A dependent variable is the response behavior or outcome that the researcher wants to predict or explain. Extraneous variables exist in all studies and can affect the measurement of study variables and the relationships among them. Extraneous variables are of primary concern in quantitative studies, because they can obscure one’s understanding of the relational or causal dynamics within the studies. Demographic variables are attributes of the subjects that are measured during the study and used to describe the sample. Question 2 5 / 5 pts A study’s hypothesis that a new surgical approach produces safer outcomes in immunosuppressed patients is tested in a fourteen-site research study across the United States. Subjects at all sites are randomly selected and randomly assigned to experimental versus control groups. What study design is used in this research project? Model testing design Randomized controlled trial Counterbalanced design Quasi-experimental design A randomized clinical trial (RCT) contains random assignment to experimental and clinical groups and very often is multi-site. A fully randomized design contains both random selection and random assignment. Quasi-experimental designs facilitate the search for knowledge and examination of causality in situations in which complete control is not possible. Such designs lack a control group, or lack random assignment to group. The model-testing design requires that all variables relevant to the model be measured, using correlational statistics. A large, heterogeneous sample is required. Crossover, or counterbalancing, is a strategy designed to guard against possible erroneous conclusions resulting from carryover effects. With counterbalancing, subjects are randomly assigned to a specific sequencing of treatment conditions. This approach distributes the carryover effects equally throughout all the conditions of the study, thus canceling them out. To prevent an effect related to time, the same amount of time must be allotted to each treatment, and the crossover point must be related to time, not to the condition of the subject. Question 3 5 / 5 pts The director of a major hospital conducts a study to discover the types of critical incidents that have occurred in the the hospital over the past 5 years. She compiles a list of all the critical incidents that occurred during that time. In this study, critical incidents serve as the___________. dependent variable. extraneous variable. study sample. In quantitative research, the independent variable (intervention, treatment, or experimental variable) is manipulated or varied by the researcher to cause an effect on the dependent variable. The dependent variable (response or outcome variable) is measured to examine the effect created by the independent variable. An independent variable is a stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to create an effect on the dependent variable. A dependent variable is the response behavior or outcome that the researcher wants to predict or explain. Extraneous variables exist in all studies and can affect the measurement of study variables and the relationships among them. Extraneous variables are of primary concern in quantitative studies, because they can obscure one’s understanding of the relational or causal dynamics within the studies. Demographic variables are attributes of the subjects that are measured during the study and used to describe the sample. Question 4 5 / 5 pts How does a comparative descriptive design differ from a typical descriptive design? It examines the relationship between multiple variables, whereas a typical descriptive design only evaluates the effect of one independent variable on one dependent variable. It describes data from two different groups, whereas a typical descriptive design focuses on a single group. It differs in name only; they are essentially the same design. It compares changes in phenomenon over time, whereas the typical descriptive design focuses on only one time period. The commonly used descriptive study design examines characteristics of a single sample. It identifies a phenomenon of interest and the variables within the phenomenon, develops conceptual and operational definitions of the variables, and describes the variables. The comparative descriptive design examines and describes differences in variables in two or more groups that occur naturally in the setting. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical analyses may be used to examine differences between or among groups. Question 5 5 / 5 pts In the following hypothesis, what is the independent variable? There is no measurable difference in incidence of acne in 15-year-olds who are placed on a chocolate-free diet. Acne Fifteen-year-olds Chocolate-free diet A dependent variable is the response behavior or outcome that the researcher wants to predict or explain. An independent variable is a stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to create an effect on the dependent variable. In this example, acne is the dependent variable and removal of chocolate from the diet is the independent variable. Question 6 5 / 5 pts In the following purpose statement, what kind of variable is number of days absent from class? The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a generous weekly allowance and twice-weekly text messages from parents on number of days absent from class, in freshman college students. Extraneous variable Independent variable Dependent variable A dependent variable is the response behavior, or outcome that the researcher wants to predict or explain. In this example, number of days absent from class is the dependent variable. An independent variable is a stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to create an effect on the dependent variable. The independent variable is also called an intervention, treatment, or experimental variable. Demographic variables are attributes of the subjects that are measured during the study and used to describe the sample. Extraneous variables exist in all studies and can affect the measurement of study variables and the relationships among them. Question 7 5 / 5 pts In the following research question, what is the independent variable? Can diabetics on oral antiglycemic medications achieve better control of blood sugar, as measured by Hgb A1C, if they meditate on a daily basis? Blood sugar Hgb A1C Meditation Oral antiglycemic medications An independent variable is a stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to create an effect on the dependent variable. The independent variable is also called an intervention, treatment, or experimental variable. In this example, nausea and vomiting are dependent variables and guided imagery and relaxation techniques are independent variables. Question 8 5 / 5 pts Which of the following sources would not be an appropriate source to include in a literature review for a research proposal? A Website developed by a governmental agency a blog post on vaccination side effects retrieved from research study published in an online journal scholarly paper presented at a professional conference Blog posts would not be considered appropriate sources for research proposal development. Question 9 5 / 5 pts The intervention that the researcher manipulates is the _____ variable. Extraneous Independent Dependent Confounding In quantitative research, the independent variable (intervention, treatment, or experimental variable) is manipulated or varied by the researcher to cause an effect on the dependent variable. The dependent variable (response or outcome variable) is measured to examine the effect created by the independent variable. An independent variable is a stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to create an effect on the dependent variable. A dependent variable is the response behavior or outcome that the researcher wants to predict or explain. Extraneous variables exist in all studies and can affect the measurement of study variables and the relationships among them. Extraneous variables are of primary concern in quantitative studies, because they can obscure one’s understanding of the relational or causal dynamics within the studies. The extraneous variables that are not recognized until the study is in process or are recognized before the study is initiated but cannot be controlled are referred to as confounding variables. Demographic variables are attributes of the subjects that are measured during the study and used to describe the sample. Question 10 5 / 5 pts There is no measurable difference in incidence of incarceration for adolescent children whose mothers work outside the home in comparison with those whose mothers do not work outside the home. The above statement is an example of which of the following? Null hypothesis Research question Research objective Aim of the study A hypothesis is a formal statement of the expected relationship or relationships between two or more variables in a specified population. The null hypothesis, also referred to as a statistical hypothesis, is used for statistical testing and interpretation of statistical outcomes. The null hypothesis can be simple or complex and associative or causal. The null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between two or more variables. Extraneous variables exist in all studies and can affect the measurement of study variables and the relationships among them. Research objectives or aims are clear, concise, declarative statements that are expressed in the present tense, focus on one or two variables (or concepts), and indicate whether the variables are to be identified or described. A research question is a concise, interrogative statement that is worded in the present tense and includes one or more variables (or concepts). Question 11 5 / 5 pts Which of the following could serve as a primary source of information that might be available to someone writing a biography of Jonas Salk who died in 1995? A previous history of his work written about him A published interview with one of his lab technicians A diary written by Dr. Salk. An article about Dr. Salk in a 1960's journal. The published literature contains primary and secondary sources. A primary source is written by the person who originated, or is responsible for generating, the ideas published. A research publication published by the person or people who conducted the research is a primary source. A theoretical book or paper written by the theorist who developed the theory or conceptual content is a primary source. A secondary source summarizes or quotes content from primary sources. Thus, authors of secondary sources paraphrase the works of researchers and theorists. The problem with a secondary source is that the author has interpreted the works of someone else, and this interpretation is influenced by that author’s perception and bias. Authors have sometimes spread errors and misinterpretations by using secondary sources rather than primary sources. You should use mostly primary sources to write literature reviews. Secondary sources are used only if primary sources cannot be located or if a secondary source contains creative ideas or a unique organization of information not found in a primary source. Question 12 5 / 5 pts Which of the following is a properly stated research hypothesis? If a child is homeless, that child is likely to have poor verbal skills, more difficulty separating from parents, and a longer hospital stay. Homelessness in children is associated with length of hospital stay, verbal skills, and fear of separation from parents. There is no relationship between children’s homelessness and length of hospital stay, verbal skills, and fear of separation from parents. A hypothesis is a formal statement of the expected relationship or relationships between two or more variables in a specified population. The hypothesis translates the problem and purpose into a clear explanation or prediction of the expected results or outcomes of the study. A hypothesis (1) specifies the variables the researcher will manipulate or measure, (2) identifies the population the researcher will examine, (3) indicates the type of research, and (4) directs the conduct of the study. Hypotheses are described using the terms in the following four categories: (1) associative versus causal, (2) simple versus complex, (3) directional versus nondirectional, and (4) null versus research. Question 13 5 / 5 pts Which of the following represents a concise, clear statement of the specific goal or aim of a research study? The purpose of the project was to define changes in blood pressure over time with the four most prevalent treatment modalities prescribed by primary care physicians in the greater Chicago area. The problem that prompted the study was ignorance surrounding the causation and diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis, especially among soldiers in uniform, and this constituted a significant gap in the literature. The phenomenon of depression experienced by school-aged children is an under-researched topic in light of recent research demonstrating the correlation between childhood obesity and depression. Despite the fact that studying the disease, especially from standpoints of prevention and early detection, is costly and time-consuming, it represents a clear priority, since treatment itself is remarkably costly and those affected are not likely to experience even short remissions without early intervention. The research purpose is a concise, clear statement of the specific goal or aim of the study that is generated from the research problem. A research problem is an area of concern where there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing practice. Research topics are concepts, phenomena of interest, or broad problem areas that researchers can focus on to enhance evidencebased nursing. One source of research problems is research priorities identified by funding agencies and specialty groups. Question 14 5 / 5 pts Which of the following would be landmark research? A description of the importance of injecting immunizations in the proper location of the deltoid The discovery that during pancreatitis, the pancreas is actually digested by its own enzymes The third in a series of four papers describing patterns of emergency room use in vacation communities The first paper on the effect of using insulin for type I diabetes in humans Seminal studies are the first studies that prompted the initiation of the field of research. Landmark studies are the studies that led to an important development or a turning point in the field of research. Question 15 5 / 5 pts The report of a research study on a new medication to treat hypertension included this statement: “There was no significant difference in gender or age between the treatment and control groups.” Based on the statement, the reader of the report recognizes that gender and age were moderator variables Environmental variables confounding variables demographic variables Age and Gender are demographic variables Question 16 5 / 5 pts A researcher wishes to conduct a correlational study to determine whether there is a relationship between stress levels and relapse rates among patients who have chronic conditions. In order to determine the existence of a relationship between these two variables, the researcher will attempt to: manipulate the level of stress in study subjects. provide lengthy descriptions of subject's behaviors. obtain a large range of possible scores. randomly assign subjects to groups Question 17 5 / 5 pts A nurse researcher wishes to identify rates of pertussis infection in children less than one year of age and then again at 6 years of age to examine the relationship of immunization status on infection rates in this population. This is an example of which type of study design? Quasi - experimental, longitudinal Correlational, cross-sectional Correlational, longitudinal Descriptive, cross-sectional Question 18 5 / 5 pts Which of the following study designs focuses on finding a cause and effect relationship among variables, but uses a lower level of control? Quasi-experimental Experimental Descriptive Phenomenology Question 19 5 / 5 pts A conceptual map is defined as ________. A set of highly abstract, related constructs A relational statement connecting objects, phenomena, or ideas An integrated set of defined concepts, existence statements, and relational statements that can be used to describe, explain, predict, or control that phenomenon A diagram that expresses the interrelationships of concepts and statements in a framework A framework is the abstract, logical structure of meaning that guides the development of the study and enables the researcher to link the findings to nursing’s body of knowledge. A concept is a term that abstractly describes and names an object, a phenomenon, or an idea, thus providing it with a separate identity or meaning. A construct is a concept at a high level of abstraction with a very general meaning. A theory consists of an integrated set of defined concepts, existence statements, and relational statements that can be used to describe, explain, predict, or control that phenomenon. A conceptual map is a diagram that expresses the interrelationships of the concepts and statements in a framework. A conceptual model is a set of highly abstract, related constructs. It broadly explains phenomena of interest, expresses assumptions, and reflects a philosophical stance. Question 20 5 / 5 pts Which of the following is the practicing nurse’s most important source of researchable problems? The nurse’s own clinical practice Review of the literature Nursing theories Administrative mandates to conduct clinical research on every hospital unit The practice of nursing must be based on knowledge or evidence generated through research. Thus, clinical practice is an extremely important source for research problems. Problems can evolve from clinical observations. A review of patient records, treatment plans, and procedure manuals might reveal concerns or raise questions about practice that could be the basis for research problems. Quiz Score: 100 out of 100