OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 12: Modern Applications of Microbial Genetics | Updated 2022

OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 12: Modern Applications of Microbial Genetics Chapter 12: Modern Applications of Microbial Genetics * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is the definition of biotechnology? A. The alteration of DNA in a cell B. The use of living systems to benefit humankind* C. Using computers to synthesize biomolecules D. Using DNA for solving mathematical problems Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 26 2. Which of the following is the definition of genetic engineering? A. The alteration of DNA in a cell* B. The use of living systems to benefit humankind C. Using computers to synthesize biomolecules D. Using DNA for solving mathematical problems Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 15, 19, 26, 31 3. The first set of genes to be introduced into E. coli came from which of the following? A. Arabidopsis B. Haemophilus C. Mycobacterium D. Xenopus* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 15, 19 4. Which of the following is a palindrome sequence that could be recognized by a restriction enzyme? A. 5′ – GAAAAG – 3′ 3′ – CTTTTC – 5′ B. 5′ – GAATTC – 3′ * 3′ – CTTAAG – 5′ C. 5′ – GACT – 3′ 3′ – CTGA – 5′ D. 5′ – GCCCC – 3′ 3′ – CGGGG – 5′ Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 26, 36 5. Restriction enzymes (endonucleases) are produced by bacteria as a means of protection against which infectious agent? A. antibiotics B. antibodies C. bacteriophages* D. prions Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 18, 26 6. Which of the following enzymes rejoins two sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA? A. helicase B. ligase* C. restrictionenzyme D. reverse transcriptase Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 26, 36 7. Genes to be cloned into a plasmid are typically inserted in which location? A. in a location disrupting the antibiotic selective marker B. oriC (origin of replication) C. polylinkersite* D. randomly Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 19, 26, 36 8. Which genus of bacterium is naturally competent? A. Bacillus* B. Escherichia C. Listeria D. Yersinia Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 11, 19 9. Which of the following regarding pUC19 and blue/white screening is NOT true? A. Colonies that appear white have the gene of interest inserted into the plasmid pUC19. B. pUC19 confers antibiotic resistance. C. The gene of interest being cloned disrupts the lacI gene.* D. X-gal is a chromogenic agent used in blue/white screening to test for -galactosidase activity. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 19, 26, 36 10. You are in the process of cloning a gene of interest into pUC19 using blue/white screening. You complete your cloning and transform E. coli with your cloned plasmid. You plate your transformation on two media. One medium agar plate contains X-gal only. The second medium agar plate contains X-gal and ampicillin (an antibiotic), in the hope of using blue/white screening. You examine your plates and see a mixture of blue and white colonies. Which of the following colonies should be picked? A. the blue colonies that are resistant to ampicillin B. the blue colonies that are sensitive to ampicillin C. the white colonies that are resistant to ampicillin* D. the white colonies that are sensitive to ampicillin Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 15, 19, 26, 28b, 36, 38 11. Which plasmid encodes the genes for its own conjugation? A. an F-plasmid* B. anyplasmid C. Plasmids cannot be transferred by conjugation. D. pUC19 only Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 2, 19, 26, 36 12. Which of the following methods can be used to transfect protoplast plant cells? A. Agrobacteriumtumefaciens B. electroporation C. genegun D. All these options can be used.* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 19, 26, 36 13. Which virus is typically used as mechanism to transfect eukaryotic cells? A. adenovirus* B. bacteriophage C. influenzavirus D. retrovirus Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 2, 19, 26, 36 14. For gel electrophoresis, the matrix used for separation of DNA fragments is ________, whereas the matrix used for separation of proteins is ________. A. agarose; polyacrylamide* B. arabinose;sodiumdodecylsulfate C. polyacrylamide;agarose Page 3 of 17 D. sodium dodecyl sulfate; arabinose Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 36 15. Which charge does a molecule of DNA have? A. positive B. neutral C. negative* D. depends on what the sequence of DNA is Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 36 16. A ________ blot is used to identify specific sequences of DNA on a membrane, whereas a ________ blot is used to identify specific sequences of RNA on a membrane. A. Northern; Southern B. Northern;Western C. Southern;Northern* D. Western; Eastern Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 36 17. A two-dimensional PAGE separates molecules according to which two properties? A. charge at various pHs and hydrophobicity B. charge at various pHs and size* C. hydrophobicity and presence of disulfide bonds D. size and hydrophobicity Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 36 18. For protein electrophoresis to function, which of the following can be added to the protein to impart a uniform negative charge? A. ammonium persulfate B. phosphate C. polyacrylamide D. sodium dodecyl sulfate* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 36 19. You are interested in determining which genes are upregulated in HeLa cells during intracellular infection with a newly discovered pathogen. You prepare a microarray