NEW PEDIATRICS - HESI PRACTICE EXAM OVER 600 POSSIBLE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
The nurse is giving preoperative instructions to a 14-year old female client who is scheduled for
surgery to correct a spinal curvature. Which statement by the client best demonstrates that learning
has taken place? - ANS IS D. I understand that I will be in a body cast and I will show you how you
taught me to turn.
To take the vital signs of a 4-month old child, which order will give the most accurate results? - ANS IS
A. Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature
During routine screening at a school clinic, an otoscope examination of a child's ear reveals a
tympanic membrane that is pearly gray, slightly bulging, and not movable. What action should the
nurse take next? - ANS IS B. Ask the child if he/she has had a cold, runny nose, or any ear pain lately.
Which restraint should be used for a toddler after a cleft palate repair? - ANS IS C. elbow restraints
What preoperative nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care for an infant with
pyloric stenosis? - ANS IS D. observe for projectile vomiting.
A six-month-old returns from surgery with elbow restraints in place. What nursing care should be
included when caring for any restrained child? - ANS IS B. remove restraints one at a time and provide
range of motion exercises
A 2-year old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular physical examination.
The nurse knows which problem is frequently associated with Down syndrome? - ANS IS A.
congenital heart disease
When assessing a child with asthma, the nurse should expect intercostal retractions during - ANS IS
A. inspiration
When planning the care for a child who has had a cleft lip repair, the nurse knows that crying should
be minimized because it - ANS IS D. stresses the suture line
,A full-term infant is admitted to the newborn nursery. After careful assessment, the nurse suspects
that the infant may have an esophageal atresia. Which symptoms is this newborn likely to have
exhibited? - ANS IS A. choking, coughing, and cyanosis
Which behavior would the nurse expect a two-year-old child to exhibit? - ANS IS C. display
possessiveness of toys
the mother of a preschool-aged client asks the nurse if it is all right to administer Pepto Bismal to her
son when he 'has a tummy ache." After reminding the mother to check the label of all OTC drugs for
the presence of aspirin, which instruction should the nurse include when replying to this mother's
question? - ANS IS B. do not give if the child has chickenpox, the flu, or any other viral illness.
The nurse observes a 4-year old boy in a daycare setting. Which behavior should the nurse consider
normal for this client? - ANS IS C. demonstrates aggressiveness by boasting when telling a story
A burned child is brought to the emergency room. In estimating the percentage of the body burned,
the nurse uses a modified "Rule of Nines." Which part of a child's body is calculated as a larger
percentage of total body surface than an adult? - ANS IS A. head and neck
The nurse receives a lab report stating a child with asthma has a theophylline level of 15 mcg/dl. What
action will the nurse take? - ANS IS A. pass the information on in the report
A 12-month old boy is admitted with a respiratory infection and possible pneumonia. He is placed in a
mist tent with oxygen. Which nursing intervention has the greatest priority for this infant? - ANS IS C.
have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions
All of the following interventions can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing and medical
interventions used to treat diarrhea. Which intervention is least useful in the nurse's evaluation of a
20-month-old child. - ANS IS B. assessing fontanels
A 5-month-old is admitted to the hospital with vomiting and diarrhea. The pediatrician prescribed
dextrose 5% and 0.25% normal saline with 2 mEq KCI/100 mL to be infused at 25mL/hr. Prior to
initiating the infusion, the nurse should obtain which assessment finding? - ANS IS B. serum BUN and
creatinine levels
,The nurse is assigning care for a 4-year old child with otitis media and is concerned about the child's
increasing temperature over the past 24 hours. When planning care for this child, it is important for
the nurse to consider that: - ANS IS B. a tympanic measurement of temperature will provide the most
accurate reading
The nurse is assessing an 8-month old child who has a medical diagnosis of Tetrology of Fallot. Which
symptom is this client most likely to exhibit? - ANS IS D. clubbed fingers
As part of the physical assessment of children, the nurse observes and palpates the fontanels. Which
child's fontanel finding should be reported to the healthcare provider? - ANS IS A. A 5-month old with
failure to thrive that has a closed anterior fontanel
A preschool-age child who is hospitalized for hypospadias repair is most strongly influenced by which
behavior? - ANS IS C. concern for body integrity
An infant is born with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and surgery is planned to correct the defect.
The nurse recognizes that surgical correction is designed to achieve which outcome? - ANS IS C.
prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs.
A three-month old boy weighing 10 lbs, 15 oz has an axillary temperature of 98.9 degrees F. The
nurse determines the daily caloric need for this child is approximately: - ANS IS C. 600 cal/day
10 lbs, 15 oz = 10.9 lbs. Convert lbs to kg by dividing pounds by 2.2 (10.9/2.2) = 4.954 kg rounded to 5
kg. an infant requires 108 cal/kg/day (108 x 5 = 540 cal/day). However this infant requires 10% more
calories because he has one degree temperature elevation. 10% of 540 is 54 and 54 + 540 = 594. This
infant will require approximately 600 calories/day. Remember that a temperature elevation
necessitates consumption of more calories.
The nurse is preparing a health teaching program for parents of toddlers and preschoolers and plans
to include information about prevention of accidental poisonings. It is most important for the nurse
to include which instructions? - ANS IS B. store all toxic agents and medicines in locked cabinets.
A 6-month old infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) is receiving digoxin elixer. Which
observation by the nurse warrants immediate intervention? - ANS IS A. apical heart rate of 60.
, At 8am, the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) informs the charge nurse that a female adolescent
client with acute glomerulonephritis has a blood pressure of 210/110. The 4am BP reading was 170/88.
The client reports to the UAP that she is upset because her boyfriend did not visit last night. What
action should the nurse take? - ANS IS B. administer PRN prescription of nifedipine (Procardia)
sublingually.
A premature newborn girl, born 24 hours ago, is diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
and placed under an oxygen hood at 35%. The parents visit the nursery and ask to hold her. Which
response should the nurse provide to the parents? - ANS IS B. the oxygen hood is holding the baby's
oxygen level just at the point which is needed. You may stroke and talk to her.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a 3-year old who is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization.
To assist in decreasing anxiety for the child on the day of the procedure, which intervention is best
for the nurse to implement? - ANS IS C. give the child a ride on a gurney to visit the cardiac
catheterization lab and meet a nurse who works there.
When taking the health history of a child, the nurse knows that which finding is an early indication of
hypothyroidism in children? - ANS IS D. cessation of growth in a child that had been normal.
The nurse is teaching a 12-year old male adolescent and his family about taking injections of growth
hormone for idiopathic hypopituitarism. Which adverse symptoms, commonly associated with
growth hormone therapy should the nurse plan to describe to the child and his family? - ANS IS A.
polyuria and polydipsia
The nurse is caring for a 12-year old with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH).
This child should be carefully assessed for which complication? - ANS IS B. changes in LOC
A four-year old girl continues to interrupt her mother during a routine clinic visit. the mother appears
irritated with the child and asks the nurse, "Is this normal behavior for a child this age?" The nurse's
response should be based on which information? - ANS IS A. children need to retain a sense of
initiative without impinging on the rights and privileges of others.
a 14-year old female client tells the nurse that she is concerned about the acne she has recently
developed. Which recommendation should the nurse provide? - ANS IS C. Wash the hair and skin
frequently with soap and hot water
ANSWERS
The nurse is giving preoperative instructions to a 14-year old female client who is scheduled for
surgery to correct a spinal curvature. Which statement by the client best demonstrates that learning
has taken place? - ANS IS D. I understand that I will be in a body cast and I will show you how you
taught me to turn.
To take the vital signs of a 4-month old child, which order will give the most accurate results? - ANS IS
A. Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature
During routine screening at a school clinic, an otoscope examination of a child's ear reveals a
tympanic membrane that is pearly gray, slightly bulging, and not movable. What action should the
nurse take next? - ANS IS B. Ask the child if he/she has had a cold, runny nose, or any ear pain lately.
Which restraint should be used for a toddler after a cleft palate repair? - ANS IS C. elbow restraints
What preoperative nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care for an infant with
pyloric stenosis? - ANS IS D. observe for projectile vomiting.
A six-month-old returns from surgery with elbow restraints in place. What nursing care should be
included when caring for any restrained child? - ANS IS B. remove restraints one at a time and provide
range of motion exercises
A 2-year old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular physical examination.
The nurse knows which problem is frequently associated with Down syndrome? - ANS IS A.
congenital heart disease
When assessing a child with asthma, the nurse should expect intercostal retractions during - ANS IS
A. inspiration
When planning the care for a child who has had a cleft lip repair, the nurse knows that crying should
be minimized because it - ANS IS D. stresses the suture line
,A full-term infant is admitted to the newborn nursery. After careful assessment, the nurse suspects
that the infant may have an esophageal atresia. Which symptoms is this newborn likely to have
exhibited? - ANS IS A. choking, coughing, and cyanosis
Which behavior would the nurse expect a two-year-old child to exhibit? - ANS IS C. display
possessiveness of toys
the mother of a preschool-aged client asks the nurse if it is all right to administer Pepto Bismal to her
son when he 'has a tummy ache." After reminding the mother to check the label of all OTC drugs for
the presence of aspirin, which instruction should the nurse include when replying to this mother's
question? - ANS IS B. do not give if the child has chickenpox, the flu, or any other viral illness.
The nurse observes a 4-year old boy in a daycare setting. Which behavior should the nurse consider
normal for this client? - ANS IS C. demonstrates aggressiveness by boasting when telling a story
A burned child is brought to the emergency room. In estimating the percentage of the body burned,
the nurse uses a modified "Rule of Nines." Which part of a child's body is calculated as a larger
percentage of total body surface than an adult? - ANS IS A. head and neck
The nurse receives a lab report stating a child with asthma has a theophylline level of 15 mcg/dl. What
action will the nurse take? - ANS IS A. pass the information on in the report
A 12-month old boy is admitted with a respiratory infection and possible pneumonia. He is placed in a
mist tent with oxygen. Which nursing intervention has the greatest priority for this infant? - ANS IS C.
have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions
All of the following interventions can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing and medical
interventions used to treat diarrhea. Which intervention is least useful in the nurse's evaluation of a
20-month-old child. - ANS IS B. assessing fontanels
A 5-month-old is admitted to the hospital with vomiting and diarrhea. The pediatrician prescribed
dextrose 5% and 0.25% normal saline with 2 mEq KCI/100 mL to be infused at 25mL/hr. Prior to
initiating the infusion, the nurse should obtain which assessment finding? - ANS IS B. serum BUN and
creatinine levels
,The nurse is assigning care for a 4-year old child with otitis media and is concerned about the child's
increasing temperature over the past 24 hours. When planning care for this child, it is important for
the nurse to consider that: - ANS IS B. a tympanic measurement of temperature will provide the most
accurate reading
The nurse is assessing an 8-month old child who has a medical diagnosis of Tetrology of Fallot. Which
symptom is this client most likely to exhibit? - ANS IS D. clubbed fingers
As part of the physical assessment of children, the nurse observes and palpates the fontanels. Which
child's fontanel finding should be reported to the healthcare provider? - ANS IS A. A 5-month old with
failure to thrive that has a closed anterior fontanel
A preschool-age child who is hospitalized for hypospadias repair is most strongly influenced by which
behavior? - ANS IS C. concern for body integrity
An infant is born with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and surgery is planned to correct the defect.
The nurse recognizes that surgical correction is designed to achieve which outcome? - ANS IS C.
prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs.
A three-month old boy weighing 10 lbs, 15 oz has an axillary temperature of 98.9 degrees F. The
nurse determines the daily caloric need for this child is approximately: - ANS IS C. 600 cal/day
10 lbs, 15 oz = 10.9 lbs. Convert lbs to kg by dividing pounds by 2.2 (10.9/2.2) = 4.954 kg rounded to 5
kg. an infant requires 108 cal/kg/day (108 x 5 = 540 cal/day). However this infant requires 10% more
calories because he has one degree temperature elevation. 10% of 540 is 54 and 54 + 540 = 594. This
infant will require approximately 600 calories/day. Remember that a temperature elevation
necessitates consumption of more calories.
The nurse is preparing a health teaching program for parents of toddlers and preschoolers and plans
to include information about prevention of accidental poisonings. It is most important for the nurse
to include which instructions? - ANS IS B. store all toxic agents and medicines in locked cabinets.
A 6-month old infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) is receiving digoxin elixer. Which
observation by the nurse warrants immediate intervention? - ANS IS A. apical heart rate of 60.
, At 8am, the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) informs the charge nurse that a female adolescent
client with acute glomerulonephritis has a blood pressure of 210/110. The 4am BP reading was 170/88.
The client reports to the UAP that she is upset because her boyfriend did not visit last night. What
action should the nurse take? - ANS IS B. administer PRN prescription of nifedipine (Procardia)
sublingually.
A premature newborn girl, born 24 hours ago, is diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
and placed under an oxygen hood at 35%. The parents visit the nursery and ask to hold her. Which
response should the nurse provide to the parents? - ANS IS B. the oxygen hood is holding the baby's
oxygen level just at the point which is needed. You may stroke and talk to her.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a 3-year old who is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization.
To assist in decreasing anxiety for the child on the day of the procedure, which intervention is best
for the nurse to implement? - ANS IS C. give the child a ride on a gurney to visit the cardiac
catheterization lab and meet a nurse who works there.
When taking the health history of a child, the nurse knows that which finding is an early indication of
hypothyroidism in children? - ANS IS D. cessation of growth in a child that had been normal.
The nurse is teaching a 12-year old male adolescent and his family about taking injections of growth
hormone for idiopathic hypopituitarism. Which adverse symptoms, commonly associated with
growth hormone therapy should the nurse plan to describe to the child and his family? - ANS IS A.
polyuria and polydipsia
The nurse is caring for a 12-year old with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH).
This child should be carefully assessed for which complication? - ANS IS B. changes in LOC
A four-year old girl continues to interrupt her mother during a routine clinic visit. the mother appears
irritated with the child and asks the nurse, "Is this normal behavior for a child this age?" The nurse's
response should be based on which information? - ANS IS A. children need to retain a sense of
initiative without impinging on the rights and privileges of others.
a 14-year old female client tells the nurse that she is concerned about the acne she has recently
developed. Which recommendation should the nurse provide? - ANS IS C. Wash the hair and skin
frequently with soap and hot water
