WGU 785 Final Exam Latest Update Questions With Answers.
Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for
their kids?
Correct Ans:-His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive.
Autosomal:
Dominant:
Correct Ans:-Autosomal: males and females equally affected.
Dominant: non-carrier parents
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Correct Ans:-The process of copying DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides
(dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA primers.
3 Steps of PCR
Correct Ans:-
1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you want to copy and add
DNA polymerase.
3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding nucleotides building a
new DNA strand.
Base Excision Repair (BER)
Correct Ans:-How you repair a mutation. BER is used to repair damage to a base caused by
harmful molecules. You remove the base that is damaged and replace it. *BER removes a
single nucleotide*
DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.
DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
Correct Ans:-replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a mismatch pair gets
through. MMR removes a large section of the nucleotides from the new DNA and DNA
polymerase tries again. (Ex: C-T instead of C-A)
Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?
Correct Ans:-When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as G-T instead of
G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?
Correct Ans:-TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual nucleotides and
matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with RNA
primer to work.
, What is needed for DNA replication?
Correct Ans:-DNA polymerase
Nonsense Mutation
Correct Ans:-Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop= nonsense because it is
no more.
Silent Mutation
Correct Ans:-Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid. Silent= the change
doesn't change the name of the protein
Missense Mutation
Correct Ans:-Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino acid. Missense =
mistake was made.
What happends during RNA splicing?
Correct Ans:-During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons are joined
together.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
Find the DNA template strand.
Correct Ans:-3'TAC TCA GAG AGA 5'
The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite number, then go L-R
with the complimentary letter.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
What is the corresonding mRNA sequence?
Correct Ans:-5'AUG AGU CUC UCU 3'
This sequence is the same as the coding strand except T changes to U because it is RNA.
RNA doesn't have T.
How would a mutation from CTC to ATC affect the protein sequence? (CTC/ATC - coding
strand, AUC - mRNA strand)
Correct Ans:-This will make a missense mutation because it changes the name of the
protein. (look at the chart provided.) missense = mistake
DNA replication process
Correct Ans:-DNA ->Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Polypeptide
Describe how you would find what ionized Alanine looks like.
Correct Ans:-This is an amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a hydrophobic amino
acid that has CH3. It is a weak interaction. An ionized acid will have a + or - charge.
Describe what causes the misfolding of protein in Alzheimer's Disease.
Correct Ans:-Protein misfolding is caused by intracellular tangles and extracellular plaques
(senile plaques) caused by abnormal protein aggregation.
Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for
their kids?
Correct Ans:-His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive.
Autosomal:
Dominant:
Correct Ans:-Autosomal: males and females equally affected.
Dominant: non-carrier parents
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Correct Ans:-The process of copying DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides
(dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA primers.
3 Steps of PCR
Correct Ans:-
1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you want to copy and add
DNA polymerase.
3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding nucleotides building a
new DNA strand.
Base Excision Repair (BER)
Correct Ans:-How you repair a mutation. BER is used to repair damage to a base caused by
harmful molecules. You remove the base that is damaged and replace it. *BER removes a
single nucleotide*
DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.
DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
Correct Ans:-replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a mismatch pair gets
through. MMR removes a large section of the nucleotides from the new DNA and DNA
polymerase tries again. (Ex: C-T instead of C-A)
Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?
Correct Ans:-When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as G-T instead of
G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?
Correct Ans:-TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual nucleotides and
matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with RNA
primer to work.
, What is needed for DNA replication?
Correct Ans:-DNA polymerase
Nonsense Mutation
Correct Ans:-Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop= nonsense because it is
no more.
Silent Mutation
Correct Ans:-Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid. Silent= the change
doesn't change the name of the protein
Missense Mutation
Correct Ans:-Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino acid. Missense =
mistake was made.
What happends during RNA splicing?
Correct Ans:-During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons are joined
together.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
Find the DNA template strand.
Correct Ans:-3'TAC TCA GAG AGA 5'
The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite number, then go L-R
with the complimentary letter.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
What is the corresonding mRNA sequence?
Correct Ans:-5'AUG AGU CUC UCU 3'
This sequence is the same as the coding strand except T changes to U because it is RNA.
RNA doesn't have T.
How would a mutation from CTC to ATC affect the protein sequence? (CTC/ATC - coding
strand, AUC - mRNA strand)
Correct Ans:-This will make a missense mutation because it changes the name of the
protein. (look at the chart provided.) missense = mistake
DNA replication process
Correct Ans:-DNA ->Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Polypeptide
Describe how you would find what ionized Alanine looks like.
Correct Ans:-This is an amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a hydrophobic amino
acid that has CH3. It is a weak interaction. An ionized acid will have a + or - charge.
Describe what causes the misfolding of protein in Alzheimer's Disease.
Correct Ans:-Protein misfolding is caused by intracellular tangles and extracellular plaques
(senile plaques) caused by abnormal protein aggregation.
