WGU C785 Final Exam Questions With
Answers
What is the basic structure of an amino acid?
What do they look like?
Correct Ans:-amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH),
alpha carbon (C), and variable group
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make?
Correct Ans:-ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
Correct Ans:-Primary - linear structure
Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding,
Tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain interactions
Quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have
1+ subunit
what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration?
Correct Ans:-hydrophobic bonds
how do environmental changes affect protein folding?
Correct Ans:-Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart =
malformation of protein folding
how do mutations affect protein structure?
Correct Ans:-Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses
function. May form a different protein.
what are covalent bonds?
Correct Ans:-chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons
what is an ionic bond?
Correct Ans:-bond between positive and negative
what is a hydrogen bond?
Correct Ans:-weak bond between positive and negative
What is hydrophobic?
Correct Ans:-Doesn't like water, end with CH
what is hydrophilic?
Correct Ans:-Water loving, end with OH, NH, or SH
what is disulfide bond?
, Correct Ans:-strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between
SH's.
What is dehydration synthesis?
Correct Ans:-Process of forming peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis?
Correct Ans:-adding water to destroy bonds
What is an alpha helix formed by?
Correct Ans:-hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet formed by?
Correct Ans:-hydrogen bonds
what is aggregation?
Correct Ans:-clumping of proteins that is caused by misfolded proteins. leads
to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy?
Correct Ans:-DECREASE activation energy and INCREASE reaction rate
what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle?
Correct Ans:-substrate recognition/attraction
enzyme-substrate complex
enzyme-product complex
product is released/enzyme recycled
what molecules increase/build up or decrease given a specific inhibitor? A ->
(enzyme 1) -> B -> (enzyme 2) -> C -> (enzyme 3) -> D. Pretend Enzyme 2
is inhibited. Correct Ans:-
Inhibitor would cause a build up for product B, decrease product C. Enzyme 3
and product D would not be created.
what is substrate?
Correct Ans:-the substance on which an enzyme acts
what is a product?
Correct Ans:-result of a reaction
what is an intermediate?
Correct Ans:-products produced in an enzyme pathway before final product
what is an active site?
Correct Ans:-location where substrate binds with enzyme
, what is enzyme specificity?
Correct Ans:-Enzymes bind with certain substrate or type of substrate to
create a certain reaction
what is induced fit?
Correct Ans:-Enzyme changes shape to facilitate the enzyme-product
complex
what is kinase?
Correct Ans:-Enzyme, adds phosphate group via phosphorylation
kindly give
what is phosphatase?
Correct Ans:-enzyme, removes phosphate group via dephosphorylation
with is an allosteric site?
Correct Ans:-secondary site on an enzyme an inhibitor binds to via non-
competitive inhibition
what is competitive inhibition?
Correct Ans:-competes with enzyme's active site. no product formed when
inhibitor binds with enzyme.
what is non-competitive inhibition?
Correct Ans:-inhibitor binds to allosteric site, not active site. Changes shape
of active site, preventing substrate from binding and making product
what is feedback inhibition?
Correct Ans:-End product sends feedback to beginning of enzyme pathway
inhibiting 1st enzyme via noncompetitive inhibition
how to we make complementary DNA? (i.e. coding to template reverse)
Correct Ans:-Taking coding DNA, write in reverse, then pair them up to make
template.
Template DNA, write in reverse, then pair up to make coding
how do we make mRNA?
Correct Ans:-coding DNA to mRNA by switching out T's for U's
which strand of DNA is complementary to mRNA?
Correct Ans:-Template DNA
how do we make protein?
Correct Ans:-DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Answers
What is the basic structure of an amino acid?
What do they look like?
Correct Ans:-amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH),
alpha carbon (C), and variable group
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make?
Correct Ans:-ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
Correct Ans:-Primary - linear structure
Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding,
Tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain interactions
Quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have
1+ subunit
what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration?
Correct Ans:-hydrophobic bonds
how do environmental changes affect protein folding?
Correct Ans:-Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart =
malformation of protein folding
how do mutations affect protein structure?
Correct Ans:-Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses
function. May form a different protein.
what are covalent bonds?
Correct Ans:-chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons
what is an ionic bond?
Correct Ans:-bond between positive and negative
what is a hydrogen bond?
Correct Ans:-weak bond between positive and negative
What is hydrophobic?
Correct Ans:-Doesn't like water, end with CH
what is hydrophilic?
Correct Ans:-Water loving, end with OH, NH, or SH
what is disulfide bond?
, Correct Ans:-strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between
SH's.
What is dehydration synthesis?
Correct Ans:-Process of forming peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis?
Correct Ans:-adding water to destroy bonds
What is an alpha helix formed by?
Correct Ans:-hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet formed by?
Correct Ans:-hydrogen bonds
what is aggregation?
Correct Ans:-clumping of proteins that is caused by misfolded proteins. leads
to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy?
Correct Ans:-DECREASE activation energy and INCREASE reaction rate
what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle?
Correct Ans:-substrate recognition/attraction
enzyme-substrate complex
enzyme-product complex
product is released/enzyme recycled
what molecules increase/build up or decrease given a specific inhibitor? A ->
(enzyme 1) -> B -> (enzyme 2) -> C -> (enzyme 3) -> D. Pretend Enzyme 2
is inhibited. Correct Ans:-
Inhibitor would cause a build up for product B, decrease product C. Enzyme 3
and product D would not be created.
what is substrate?
Correct Ans:-the substance on which an enzyme acts
what is a product?
Correct Ans:-result of a reaction
what is an intermediate?
Correct Ans:-products produced in an enzyme pathway before final product
what is an active site?
Correct Ans:-location where substrate binds with enzyme
, what is enzyme specificity?
Correct Ans:-Enzymes bind with certain substrate or type of substrate to
create a certain reaction
what is induced fit?
Correct Ans:-Enzyme changes shape to facilitate the enzyme-product
complex
what is kinase?
Correct Ans:-Enzyme, adds phosphate group via phosphorylation
kindly give
what is phosphatase?
Correct Ans:-enzyme, removes phosphate group via dephosphorylation
with is an allosteric site?
Correct Ans:-secondary site on an enzyme an inhibitor binds to via non-
competitive inhibition
what is competitive inhibition?
Correct Ans:-competes with enzyme's active site. no product formed when
inhibitor binds with enzyme.
what is non-competitive inhibition?
Correct Ans:-inhibitor binds to allosteric site, not active site. Changes shape
of active site, preventing substrate from binding and making product
what is feedback inhibition?
Correct Ans:-End product sends feedback to beginning of enzyme pathway
inhibiting 1st enzyme via noncompetitive inhibition
how to we make complementary DNA? (i.e. coding to template reverse)
Correct Ans:-Taking coding DNA, write in reverse, then pair them up to make
template.
Template DNA, write in reverse, then pair up to make coding
how do we make mRNA?
Correct Ans:-coding DNA to mRNA by switching out T's for U's
which strand of DNA is complementary to mRNA?
Correct Ans:-Template DNA
how do we make protein?
Correct Ans:-DNA -> RNA -> Protein
