Biochemistry - C785 Module 1 – Questions And
Answers
What is translation?
Correct Ans - Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Correct Ans - A method of producing thousands of copies of DNA segment using the enzyme
DNA polymerase
DNA primers in PCR are needed to?
Correct Ans - a initiate synthesis of the new DNA molecule
dNTPs are the
Correct Ans - building blocks of DNA
DNA polymerase III adds bases to the new
Correct Ans - DNA chain; proofreading the chain for mistakes
Excision Repair locates and repairs
Correct Ans - incorrect sequence by removing a segment of the DNA and then adding the
correct nucleotides
Base Excision Repair (BER) is what
Correct Ans - DNA repair that first excises modified bases and then replaces the entire
nucleotide
mismatch repair does what
Correct Ans - repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing
homologous recombination repairs what kind of breaks
Correct Ans - double strand breaks
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) is what kind of repair
Correct Ans - used to repair deletions, insertions and helix-distorting lesions, thymine
dimers
complete dominance
Correct Ans - a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another
incomplete dominance
Correct Ans - Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
Codominance
Correct Ans - A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.
franeshift mutation
Correct Ans - a single base is added or deleted from DNA
What is a nonsense mutation?
Correct Ans - A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons,
resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.
, What is a silent mutation?
Correct Ans - alters a base but does not change the amino acid
missense mutation
Correct Ans - A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different
amino acid.
Epigenetics
Correct Ans - the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a
DNA change
Epigenetic repression
Correct Ans - carried out by DNA and nucleosome modifications that result in increased
nucleosome packing that makes the DNA less available for transcription.
decreased gene expression
Correct Ans - epigenetic repression where the methylation present is packed tightly
Epigenetic activation
Correct Ans - nucleosome and DNA modifications that result in the loosening of the
chromatin structure to allow for transcription to take place.
Increased gene expression
Correct Ans - Usually achieved by other chemical tags that loosen up DNA coiling so
transcription can occur.
RNA primer
Correct Ans - short piece of RNA needed for DNA polymerase to start
Introns
Correct Ans - are removed from the mRNA after transcription of the gene occurs
Steps of Insulin Production
Correct Ans -
1. Transcription factors bind to the promoter.
2. Transcription factors recruit RNA polymerase.
3. RNA polymerase makes insulin mRNA.
4. Insulin mRNA is used to make insulin protein.
Genotype
Correct Ans - genetic makeup
Phenotype
Correct Ans - An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
When given the coding (non-template) DNA 5' CGG TAT TGC 3' what is the non-coding
(template) complementary to DNA?
1. You want the non-coding template
2. Change to 3' to 5'
3. Write from 3 (opposite direction)
4. Change G to C, C to
5. Change A to T, T to A
Answers
What is translation?
Correct Ans - Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Correct Ans - A method of producing thousands of copies of DNA segment using the enzyme
DNA polymerase
DNA primers in PCR are needed to?
Correct Ans - a initiate synthesis of the new DNA molecule
dNTPs are the
Correct Ans - building blocks of DNA
DNA polymerase III adds bases to the new
Correct Ans - DNA chain; proofreading the chain for mistakes
Excision Repair locates and repairs
Correct Ans - incorrect sequence by removing a segment of the DNA and then adding the
correct nucleotides
Base Excision Repair (BER) is what
Correct Ans - DNA repair that first excises modified bases and then replaces the entire
nucleotide
mismatch repair does what
Correct Ans - repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing
homologous recombination repairs what kind of breaks
Correct Ans - double strand breaks
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) is what kind of repair
Correct Ans - used to repair deletions, insertions and helix-distorting lesions, thymine
dimers
complete dominance
Correct Ans - a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another
incomplete dominance
Correct Ans - Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
Codominance
Correct Ans - A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.
franeshift mutation
Correct Ans - a single base is added or deleted from DNA
What is a nonsense mutation?
Correct Ans - A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons,
resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.
, What is a silent mutation?
Correct Ans - alters a base but does not change the amino acid
missense mutation
Correct Ans - A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different
amino acid.
Epigenetics
Correct Ans - the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a
DNA change
Epigenetic repression
Correct Ans - carried out by DNA and nucleosome modifications that result in increased
nucleosome packing that makes the DNA less available for transcription.
decreased gene expression
Correct Ans - epigenetic repression where the methylation present is packed tightly
Epigenetic activation
Correct Ans - nucleosome and DNA modifications that result in the loosening of the
chromatin structure to allow for transcription to take place.
Increased gene expression
Correct Ans - Usually achieved by other chemical tags that loosen up DNA coiling so
transcription can occur.
RNA primer
Correct Ans - short piece of RNA needed for DNA polymerase to start
Introns
Correct Ans - are removed from the mRNA after transcription of the gene occurs
Steps of Insulin Production
Correct Ans -
1. Transcription factors bind to the promoter.
2. Transcription factors recruit RNA polymerase.
3. RNA polymerase makes insulin mRNA.
4. Insulin mRNA is used to make insulin protein.
Genotype
Correct Ans - genetic makeup
Phenotype
Correct Ans - An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
When given the coding (non-template) DNA 5' CGG TAT TGC 3' what is the non-coding
(template) complementary to DNA?
1. You want the non-coding template
2. Change to 3' to 5'
3. Write from 3 (opposite direction)
4. Change G to C, C to
5. Change A to T, T to A
