Ap World Ch 33-44 questions and answers.

Ap World Ch 33-44 questions and answers.1. Examine the influence, both positive and negative, of Western European and American knowledge and ideals on the Ottoman, Russian, Qing, and Tokugawa states in the nineteenth century. Why would these states be both attracted to and repelled by these influences? Ottoman, Russian, Qing, and Tokugawa states had slower pace of technological advancements than western europe and America so it put them in a difficult position when competing. The 4 societies also had dynamic cultures that couldnt compete with western Europe and America. 2. Not surprisingly, losses in wars often are more important than victories. How were the Ottoman, Russian, Qing, and Tokugawa states affected by defeats such sa the Crimean or Opium wars? The loss of the wars made them realize they needed to restructure a better military. 00:46 01:33 3. Was there a downside to the Meiji restoration, or was it simply a modernization along western lines? Consider Japanese nationalism and the role it played in the reinvigoration of Japan. The Meiji Restoration was a western modernization because it got Japan a bureacratic government, a constitution, well developed transportation and communication systems, and a powerful navy. 4. Compare and contrast the Ottoman, Russian, Chinese, and Japanese efforts at industrialization. In what ways were they successful? Who, if anyone, was left out of this progress? Japan had a successful industrialization that only took a decade. Russia was less successful than Japan, The Ottoman empire had no big attempts at industrialization, and the chinese sought to blend chinese cultural traditions with European Industrial technology. 5. Compare and contrast the efforts at protest in the Ottoman empire, Russia, China, and Japan in the nineteenth century. What did these movements have in common? How did they represent the unique problems of each country? The protests from the Ottoman empire, Russia, China, and Japan all fought against the british conquering. This represented how each country needed to gain more mililtary force and attain guns and metal artillery to be able to fend for themselves. 6.Examine the decline of the Ottoman empire. What factors explain this process? What attempts at reform did the Ottomans undertake? How successful were they? Military was in decline since seventeenth century. Extensive territorial losses, economic difficulties and the capitulations. Attempted to reform military, led to violent revolt. 7. Examine the turbulent years of the nineteenth century in Russia. How successful were Russian efforts as modernization and industrialization? What were the limits of success? Although Russian industrialization took place within a frame work of capitalism. It differed from western European industrialization in that the motivation for development was political and military and the driving force was government policy rather than entrepreneurial initiative Industrialization proceeded slowly at first, but it surged during the last two decades of the nineteenth century. 8. Examine the decline of china in the nineteenth century. How did china fall from world leader to dominated state so rapidly? The Self-Strengthening movement did not prevent continuing foreign intrusion into Chinese affairs. During the latter part of the nineteenth century, foreign power began to dismantle the Chinese system of tributary states. By 1898 foreign powers had carved china itself into spheres of economic influence. 9. Examine the Taiping Rebellion. What internal Chinese problems led to the rise this movement? What were the rebellion's consequences? Between 1800 and 1900 china's population row by more than 50 percent, from 330 million to 475 million. The Qing dynasty had ruled china since 1644, and Qing elites had adapted to chinese ways, but many native chinese subjects despised manchu ruling class as foreigners. It claimed twenty million to thirty million lives, and it caused such massive declines in agricultural production that population in war torn regions frequently resorted to eating grass, leather, hemp, and even human flesh. 10. Examine the Meiji Restoration. what were its guiding principles? why did it copy western Europe and the United States? Why was Japan successful in modernization while Russia, China and the Ottomans struggled? The Meiji government looked to the industrial lands of Europe and the United States to obtain the knowledge and expertise to strengthen Japan win revisions of the unequal treaties. The Meiji government sent many students and officials abroad to study everything form technology to to constitutions and it also hired foreign experts to facilitate economic development and the creation of indigenous expertise. 11. Examine the emancipation of the serfs in Russia. why was this such a traumatic even in the Russian history?Compare it to the freeing of the slaves in the United States. Many peasants and landowners wanted nothing to do with the emancipation , in fact they wanted everything to stay the same way it was. The emancipation of the serfs in Russia was not nearly as violent as the freeing of the slaves in the United States was but in the end they both had the same out come of freedom. 12.Compare and contrast the changing situations in the Ottoman, Russian ,Qing and Tokugawa states during the nineteenth century. What common problems did they face? Were some more successful in adapting than others? China was not the only land that faces serious difficulties in the nineteenth century the Ottoman empire , the Russian empire, and Tokugawa Japan experienced problems similar to these of China during the late Qing dynasty. One problem common to the four societies was military weakness that left them vulnerable to foreign threats. The Ottoman,Russian Qing, and Tokugawa armies all fought wars or engaged in military confrontations with the industrial lands of western Europe and the United States, and all discovered and unexpectedly that they were militarily much weaker than the industrial powers