RN growth and development EAQ

To which client should the nurse provide education regarding the pubertal growth spurt? An 8-year-old school-age male client A 16-year-old adolescent male client A 12-year-old school-age female client An 18-year-old adolescent female client At which stage of Kohlberg’s theory does an individual want to fulfill the expectations of one’s immediate group? Good boy-nice girl orientation Society-maintaining orientation Instrumental relativist orientation Universal ethical principle orientation How many hours of sleep should the nurse recommend for the 11-year-old client? 9 8 11 12 Which component of the human personality, according to Freud, allows an individual to judge reality accurately? Id Ego Superego Oedipus complex Which statement is true about Piaget’s theory of cognitive development? Piaget’s theory includes five periods that are related to age. In the late preoperational stage, the children experience animism. In the preoperational stage, children are able to perform mental operations. During the sensorimotor stage, infants develop an action pattern for dealing with their environment. Which client may have concerns related to sexuality when hospitalized with a chronic illness? An 8-year-old A 10-year-old A 12-year-old An 18-year-old How many days is the neonatal period? Record your answer using whole numbers. 28 days Which of these age groups has the highest incidence of lead poisoning? Adult Toddler Adolescent School-age child Which period of Piaget’s theory covers the prevalence of egocentrism in adolescents? Sensorimotor Preoperational Formal operations Concrete operations In which settings should the nurse prepare to administer developmental assessment for pediatric clients? Select all that apply. Home School Hospital Daycare center Assisted living center Which stage of development classifies boys and girls as differing very little in terms of size? Toddler Preschool School-age Adolescence Which age should the nurse teach the parents of a school-age client to expect mandibular second molars to erupt? 7 to 8 years 9 to 10 years 10 to 12 years 11 to 13 years According to Freud, which must occur before an individual is able to have a mature adult sexual relationship? Puberty Conflict resolution Acquisition of new skills Loss of self in another person According to Erikson, what should the nurse anticipate when assessing an adolescent? Being engaged in tasks Questioning sexual identity Having highly imaginative thoughts Wanting to participate in organized activities During which stage of development should the nurse anticipate sibling relationships that fluctuate between open bickering and supportive relationships? Preschool Early school-age Late adolescence Middle school-age Which stage of the development should the nurse document for an infant when using Freud’s theory of psychosocial development? Oral Anal Phallic Latent What is the reason for calculating a body mass index (BMI)-for-age during a health maintenance assessment for school-age clients? Assessing for bulimia nervosa Monitoring for failure to thrive Monitoring for anorexia nervosa Assessing for obesity or overweight Which is a goal for organized athletics for school-age children? A life-long enjoyment of fitness. A physical examination every two years. The use of appropriate safety equipment. Participation in warm-up exercises prior to physical activity. Which stage describes the Oedipus complex, according to Freud’s theory? Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 What is true about the preoperational period of Piaget’s theory? The child develops a scheme for dealing with the environment. The child is able to describe a process without actually doing it. The child has the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. The child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as he or she does. Which of these statements about the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life is true? Hyperthermia is observed in the newborn. Newborns are susceptible to heat loss and cold stress. Apgar assessments are conducted 5 and 10 minutes after birth. Physiological changes in the newborn occur during the first 12 hours of life. Which statement describes the latency stage of Freud’s psychoanalytic model of personality development? During this stage, genital organs are the focus of pleasure. During this stage, sexual urges are repressed and channeled into productive activities. During this stage, an infant begins to think that his or her parent is separate from the self. During this stage, sexual urges reawaken and are directed to an individual outside the family circle. Which type of prehension is exhibited by a 5-month-old infant? The grasp is palmar. Hands are mostly open. The grasp is a crude pincer. Hands are predominantly closed. How does an adolescent establish group identity during psychosocial development? By evaluating his or her own health with a feeling of well-being By fostering his or her independence with balanced family structure By building close peer relationships to achieve acceptance in the society By achieving marked physical changes with masculine and feminine behaviors Which psychosocial change does a 2-year-old child exhibit? Achieves full independence Engages in temper tantrums Exhibits weak determination Performs very few muscular activities Which statement is true regarding the physical development of a preschooler? Children gain about 3 lbs (1.36 kg) per year. Preschoolers grow 6.2 to 7.5 cm per year. Preschoolers grow three times their length at around 4 years. The average weight of the child at four years is 32 lbs (14.51 kg). What developmental skills does a preschooler exhibit? Select all that apply. Personal identity Specific reasoning Increased curiosity Magical thinking Understanding of others Which period of Piaget’s theory describes the idea of object permanence? Sensorimotor period Preoperational period Formal operations period Concrete operations period According to Piaget during which developmental state is the pediatric client egocentric? Infancy Adolescence Early childhood Middle childhood The nurse is providing care to the family of a preschool-age child who is diagnosed with sickle cell disease. Which statement made by the sibling would initiate a teaching session with the parents regarding discipline? "I really wish my brother wasn’t sick all the time." "I am afraid that I caused my brother to get sick again because I was mad at him." "When I lied to my parents, I was punished for a week and my brother never gets punished." "I never get to go over to my friends’ houses because we are always taking my brother to the doctor." Which should the nurse anticipate, according to Erikson, when assessing a preschool-age child? Being engaged in tasks Questioning sexual identity Having highly imaginative thoughts Wanting to participate in organized activities How much does the head circumference increase per month from 4 to 6 months of age? 1 cm (0.4 inch) 2 cm (0.75 inch) 0.5 cm (0.2 inch) 3.5 cm (1.38 inch) According to Piaget’s theory, which of these statements about the period of concrete operations is true? A child develops a scheme for dealing with the environment. A child is able to describe a process without actually doing it. A child has the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. A child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as he or she does. According to Kohlberg’s theory, which stage comes before the society-maintaining orientation stage? Social contract orientation Good boy-nice girl orientation Instrumental relativist orientation Punishment and obedience orientation Which actions demonstrate fine motor skills? Select all that apply. Crawling Creeping Sitting erect Holding a rattle Picking up objects Holding a baby bottle According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, which statement about conventional reasoning is true? A person wants to fulfill family expectations. A child’s thinking is mostly based on likes and pleasures. A child recognizes that there is more than one correct view. An individual moves away from moral decisions based on authority. At which stage of development should the nurse anticipate that pediatric clients will begin to show differences in play activities that are related to gender? Preschool Adolescence Late school-age Early school-age What gross motor skill is found in children between two to four months of age? The child can creep on its hands and knees. The child has predominant inborn reflexes. The child can sit alone without any kind of support. The child can bear weight on forearms when prone. Which school-age client does the nurse anticipate will experience sibling rivalry as a source of stress? A 9-year-old male A 7-year-old male A 6-year-old female An 8-year-old female According to Piaget, which statement describes the concrete operation stage? During this stage, children have egocentric thoughts. During this stage, children are able to perform mental operations. During this stage, children learn to think with the use of symbols and mental images. During this stage, children develop an action pattern for dealing with the environment. Which should the nurse encourage for the adolescent client diagnosed with a chronic illness to achieve independence from family? Using coping skills Wearing make-up Buying stylish clothes Socializing with peers Which statement correctly describes the initiative versus guilt stage? Individuals like to pretend and try out new roles. Individuals are more accomplished in some basic self-care activities. Individuals show marked preoccupation with appearance and body image. Individuals are eager to apply themselves to learning socially productive skills and tools. What is the similarity between Havinghurst’s stage-crisis theory and Erikson’s psychosocial development theory? Both theories are based on developmental tasks. Both theories incorporate eight stages of development. Both theories are based on psychosexual development. Both theories emphasize that a child’s growth is directed by gene activity. According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, which stage is a part of conventional reasoning? Social contract orientation Society-maintaining orientation Instrument relativist orientation Universal ethical principle orientation During which week of pregnancy does placental development occur? First Third Fifth Seventh According to the Piaget’s theory, which behavior does a nine-year-old child show? Logical reasoning Concrete thinking Object permanence Imaginary audience The nurse is preparing to assess several clients at a pediatric clinic. Which client would require a developmental screening versus developmental surveillance during a scheduled health maintenance visit? A 9-month-old infant A 2-week-old newborn A 15-month-old toddler A 4-year-old preschooler During testing of the neurologic reflexes of an infant, which reflex should the nurse expect to appear at 3 months and persist until 24 to 36 months of age? Neck righting Body righting Otolith righting Labyrinth righting Which of these skills should be present in a six to eight month old child? The child pulls himself or herself to stand or sit. The child is able to pick small objects. The child can sit alone without support. The child can place objects into containers. The nurse is learning about the shift in total body fluid that occurs from infancy to adulthood. What percentage of body weight is the weight of extracellular fluid (ECF) in an infant at term? 10% 20% 44% 78% When does the anterior fontanel of an infant close? At 4 to 10 months At 8 to 12 months At 12 to 18 months At 18 to 26 months According to Erikson’s stages of life, what is the stage when a child begins walking, feeding, and using the toilet? Trust versus mistrust Initiative versus guilt Identity versus role confusion Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt The parents of a preschooler tell the nurse that they try to inculcate good eating habits by asking the child to be at the table until the "plate is clean." What condition is the child at risk for? Anorexia Depression Aggression Poor eating habits Which type of relationship is most important to the school-age child? Same-sex peer relationships Opposite-sex peer relationship Same-sex parental relationship Opposite-sex parental relationship According to Piaget’s theory, which period describes a child’s stage of egocentrism? Sensorimotor Preoperational Formal operations Concrete operations According to the Erikson’s theory, which stage in a young adult describes the development of the sense of caring for others? Initiative versus guilt Integrity versus despair Intimacy versus isolation Identity versus role confusion Which type of play should the nurse encourage when providing age-appropriate care to a preschool-age child who is hospitalized? Team Parallel Solitary Associative What is true about the instrumental relativist orientation stage? An individual recognizes that there is more than one correct point of view. An individual finds a balance between societal rules and basic human rights and obligations. An individual response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules. An individual sees moral reasoning based on own personal internalization of societal and other’s expectations. Which stage is a part of postconventional reasoning? Social contract orientation Society-maintaining orientation Instrumental relativist orientation Punishment and obedience orientation Which theory states that a child’s growth pattern is related to gene activity? Gesell’s theory Piaget’s theory Erikson’s theory Havinghurst’s theory Which period of Piaget’s theory explains animism in a child? Period I Period II Period III Period IV Which is an inborn error of metabolism that affects growth and development? Cystic fibrosis Achondroplasia Turner syndrome Hunter syndrome Which action related to gender is often expected in regards to socialization for school-age girls within the community setting? Expressing feelings openly Being insensitive to others Trying out for the football team at school Taking the most challenging classes in school What stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development defines "right" by the decision of the conscience? Social contract orientation Society-maintaining orientation Instrumental relativist orientation Universal ethical principle orientation The nurse is providing care to an infant who is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). Which parental statement indicates the need for further education related to the potential for poor growth? "My child’s diagnosis causes delayed bone growth." "My child will have a poor appetite, which will lead to poor growth." "My child will have increased oxygen demands, which will lead to poor growth." "My child will have a decreased ability to absorb nutrients, which will cause poor growth By which age do children develop binocularity? 8 to 9 weeks 3 to 4 months 7 to 8 months 9 to 12 months Which fine motor skill should the nurse expect when assessing the development of an infant between 10 and 12 months of age? Holds a crayon Walks with assistance Stands independently Sits from a standing position At what age does a child start to crawl? 3 months 5 months 7 months 9 months From which client does the nurse expect dramatic physical growth and marked development? 9-month-old infant 24-month-old toddler 4-year-old preschool-age child 10-year-old school-age child If hearing loss is detected early, proper intervention can help a child achieve normal language development. What is the latest age that hearing loss should be detected to ensure that a child achieves normal language development? Record your answer using a whole number. 3 month At which stage of Kohlberg’s theory is the child afraid of punishment? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 For which pediatric client should the nurse use the Age and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) as a developmental screening tool during a health maintenance assessment? A 2-week old newborn client A 15-month-old toddler client A 6-year-old school-age client A 14-year-old adolescent client The nurse is discussing the neurologic reflexes seen in an infant with the parents. Which reflex will the nurse state as being present indefinitely? Landau Parachute Body righting Neck righting At what age does an infant achieve permanent eye color? 2 weeks 30 months 2 months 6 months Which stage of Piaget’s theory of growth and development does an infant develops an action pattern to deal with the environment? Sensorimotor Preoperational Formal operations Concrete operation The mother of a 2-year-old girl expresses concern that her daughter’s growth rate has slowed. What should the nurse explain to the mother about the growth of toddlers? "This growth pattern is typical at this age." "Toddlers are too busy exploring their world to eat." "This growth pattern can’t be interpreted for another year." "Toddlers usually lose their taste for foods they liked when younger." The student nurse is learning about the developmental characteristics of vision. Which major developmental characteristics does an infant start exhibiting around age 6 weeks? Select all that apply. Having binocular vision Having doll’s eye reflex Having visual acuity 20/40 to 20/60 Having peripheral vision to 180 degree Having strabismus if binocular vision is absent The nurse is instructing the parents of a 6-month-old infant about sleeping patterns and the best sleeping positions for their child. Which instruction regarding sleep position is most important? "Place the infant in a supine position for sleep." "Avoid positioning the head on alternating sides." "A prone position is more beneficial for sleeping." "If the infant is restless, place it on one side to sleep." When should the nurse anticipate that the school-age client will have all primary teeth? 5 years of age 6 years of age 7 years of age 8 years of age According to Freud, which is a source of pleasure for a toddler-age client that the nurse should educate parents about in regards to normal growth and development? Mouth Anal zone Sexual urges Genital organs What type of development is described under Freud’s theory? Cognition development Psychosocial development Psychosexual development Moral reasoning development Which result does the nurse anticipate when providing care to a preschool-age child who successfully completes tasks associated with this stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development? Faith and optimism Devotion and fidelity Direction and purpose Self-control and willpower The nurse is assessing the development of a male child and finds that the child is tall, with deficient secondary sex characteristics and hypogenitalism. Which chromosomal notation is associated with the child’s condition? 45,XO 47,XXX 47,XYY 48,XXXY What is the expected average weight for a 6-month-old child? 680 g (1.5 lb) 7.26 kg (16 lb) 11.34 kg (25 lb) 9.75 kg (21.5 lb) What is the longest time after birth that the Apgar test is conducted for the second time? Record your answer using a whole number. 5 Which symptoms present in a child indicate Turner syndrome? Select all that apply. Webbed neck Impaired language Tall stature with long legs Low position of posterior hairline Shield-shaped chest with wide space between the nipples The parents of a preschooler are worried, because the child is often seen talking to imaginary friends. The parents admit that they often scold the child for such behavior. Of what does the nurse inform the parents? "The child may develop severe psychological problems." "You must involve the child in some spiritual activities." "There may be some neurologic or developmental issue." "The behavior is normal at this age and it will help counter loneliness." Which statement describes stage 2 of Kohlberg’s theory? The child recognizes that there is more than one correct view. An adolescent chooses to avoid a party where they know beer will be served. An individual wants to win the approval of and maintain the expectations of one’s immediate group. A child’s response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules. A child has been diagnosed with hemophilia type A after experiencing excessive bleeding from a minor trauma. The mother states that the toddler being seen for the trauma is very active and is difficult, constantly saying no. What would be an appropriate response? "Toddlers are curious, trying to make decisions and be independent." "Saying no at this stage is a signal that the child may need some therapy." "You must show the child from a young age that you are the boss and in charge." "Responsible parenting means you must protect the child from all future injuries." Which safeguards should the school nurse teach parents to assess for prior to allowing schoolage clients to participate in athletic programs? Select all that apply. A life-long enjoyment of fitness The use of appropriate equipment The development of basic motor skills A physical examination every two years Participation in warm-up exercises prior to physical activity An 8-year-old child is being prepared for surgery the next day. How should the nurse present preoperative instructions to this child? By repeating instructions often By providing time for needle play By using several abstract examples By focusing on simple anatomic diagrams What should the nurse suggest when parents ask what to do about their preschooler’s stuttering? Speak clearly and do not complete the child’s sentences. Avoid looking at the child when he experiences difficulty forming words. Help the child by supplying the correct word when he experiences a block. Stop the conversation and tell the child to speak slowly when starting again. Which is a characteristic of the glands that secrete a thick substance in response to emotional stimulation and become odoriferous because of bacterial action? Highly active in childhood Absent around the umbilicus Widely distributed throughout the body Grow in conjunction with axillary hair follicles The parents of a preschooler inform the nurse that their child often develops diarrhea and ask whether there might be anything wrong with the child’s stomach. Upon assessment, the nurse also finds that the child has poor oral care and is at risk for dental caries. What is the most probable cause for the child’s health issues? The family often consumes fast foods. The parents neglect the child’s dietary needs. The family does not follow hygienic practices. The child consumes excessive amounts of fruit juice. Which is a common attribute that the nurse assesses in an "easy" child? Passive resistance Predictable habits Intense mood expressions Slow adaptation to change What should the nurse anticipate, according to Erikson, when assessing a school-age child? Select all that apply. Being engaged in task Questioning sexual identity Having highly imaginative thoughts Wanting to participate in organized activities Struggling with self-control and independence The nurse is explaining to the mother of two teenage children why her daughter’s height is comparatively less than her son’s height. What is the reason for lower overall height in girls compared with boys? Increase in muscle mass Hypertrophy of the laryngeal mucosa Maturation of structural appendages of the skin Closure of epiphyses because of estrogen secretion The nurse is teaching hygiene practices to a 16-year-old client who has recently had her first menstrual flow. Under which phase of development does the nurse classify the client? Prepubescence Postpubescence Late adolescence Middle adolescence The nurse is using Piaget’s theory to assess the cognitive development in a child. What is most likely to be the age of the child who has reached a developmental milestone by grasping the concept of conservation of numbers for the first time? 5 years 7 years 9 years 12 years While performing the physical assessment of an infant, the nurse notices the infant has developed a color preference for red and yellow. What is most likely to be the age of the infant? 4 weeks 8 weeks 15 weeks 20 weeks Which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is associated with a person following a law even if it is discriminatory to a racial group? pWhich stage of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is associated with a person following a law if it is discriminatory to a racial group?/p Social contract orientation Society-maintaining orientation Instrumental relativist orientation Universal ethical principle orientation What of these stages should the nurse include when explaining Piaget’s theory of child development to a parent? Select all that apply. Phallic stage Latency stage Sensorimotor stage Formal operations stage Punishment orientation stage A community health nurse makes a home visit to a disabled 13-year-old client who has a 6- month-old infant sister. The infant lies quietly in her crib and rarely smiles or vocalizes; it appears that the infant barely has her basic needs met. What is the nurse’s most appropriate intervention? Advise the parent that the infant will be retarded if not stimulated. Ask the disabled client to spend more time playing with the sister. Encourage purchasing toys that are appropriate for the infant’s age level. Determine whether there is anyone who can help with chores and the infant’s care. What does the nurse anticipate the primary healthcare provider to advise the parents of a child newly diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder? There is no risk of recurrence of this disease in the next child. You may need to use a donor egg for future children. There are more chances of miscarriage in the next pregnancy. You can find more information about this disease on the internet. Which school-age children require close supervision when using a skateboard? Select all that apply. 5-year-old 6-year-old 7-year-old 8-year-old 9-year-old What should the nurse teach the parent of an infant who is at risk for infections? "You must avoid placing the infant in bright sunlight." "Breast-feeding will provide protection against bacteria." "Use soy-based infant formulas to help prevent infection." "The infant will be less susceptible to infections later in life." Which instruction should the nurse give to parents to help their child get accustomed to a new babysitter? "Ask the babysitter to stand very close to the child." "Ask the babysitter to hold out arms and smile broadly." "Stay close and allow the child to observe the babysitter." "Discourage the child from clinging in front of the babysitter." In which stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development does the nurse anticipate a client who wants to maintain expectations with his or her immediate group? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 In which stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development does the nurse anticipate a client to expand focus from relationships with others to societal concerns? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Which behaviors should the nurse anticipate when conducting a developmental assessment for a newborn? Select all that apply. Sucking on a pacifier Grasping a parents finger Discovering hands and feet Swallowing while breastfeeding Rooting when the cheek is stroked What birth weight in a neonate indicates that the infant is a very low birth weight (VLBW) infant? 900 g 1300 g 1700 g 2000 g Which reflex does the nurse assess in a newborn to determine auditory ability? Startle reflex Rooting reflex Glabellar reflex Extrusion reflex Which should the nurse encourage for a school-age client diagnosed with a chronic illness to enhance a sense of accomplishment? Wearing make-up Making up missed work Participating in sports activities Participating in creative activities According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which should the nurse include in the plan of care for a young adult client who is hospitalized? The importance of having support from the client’s peers. The importance of having support from the client’s siblings. The importance of having support from the client’s parents. The importance of having support from the client’s significant other. Which growth and developmental assessments should the nurse include when conducting a health maintenance visit for a 15-month-old toddler? Select all that apply. Weight Heart rate Blood pressure Head circumference Developmental screening The nurse is applying skin ointment to acne lesions for a client who has recently reached puberty. What does the nurse anticipate as the cause for the extensive acne? Thelarche as the first indication of puberty Influence of gonadal and adrenal androgens Increased subcutaneous fat before a skeletal growth spurt Highly active sebaceous glands in "flush areas" of the body Which should the nurse teach to a preschool-age client to avoid the risk of altered growth and development? Trust Empathy Impulse control Problem solving What growth changes are observed in a male client during adolescence? Select all that apply. Development of broader hips Development of deep and fuller voice Increase in length of vocal cords by 0.4 inch (1 cm) Increase in length of vocal cords by 0.17 inch (0.4 cm) Uncontrollable shifting of the voice from deep to high tone Which chart should the nurse use to plot an infant’s physical growth during a scheduled health maintenance visit? Center for Disease Control (CDC) World Health Organization (WHO) American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) National Association of Pediatric Nurses (NAPN) According to Piaget’s theory, which of these statements would a nurse say to a mother about her four-year-old child? Select all that apply. "The child will only be able to consider his or her own point of view." "The child will consider that inanimate objects may be alive." "The child will think about an action before performing it." "The child will believe that his or her actions are scrutinized." "The child will be able to order things according to length." A toddler wearing a diaper is impatient with the wet diaper and a shows a desire to have it changed. Which toilet training readiness does this behavior indicate? Mental readiness Physical readiness Parental readiness Psychological readiness Which stage of Erikson’s theory focuses on the needs of an infant? Trust versus mistrust Intimacy versus isolation Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation While playing with a toy car, a toddler accidentally hits the wall and falls down. The toddler then gets angry at the wall for making him fall. Which characteristic of preoperational thought does this behavior indicate? Animism Centration Egocentrism Irreversibility Which assessment question is appropriate when collecting a developmental history for an adolescent who is new to the pediatric practice? "What grades do you get in school?" "Have your wisdom teeth erupted yet?" "What was your approximate height at 4 years of age?" "What was your approximate weight at 5 years of age?" The nurse is conducting a health assessment for a school-age child who is new to the pediatric practice. Which questions should the nurse ask the child and parents related to growth? Select all that apply. "What grade are you currently attending?" "At what age did your child cut his or her first tooth?" "Do you have a best friend at your new school?" "What was your child’s approximate length at 1 year of age?" "What was your child’s approximate weight at 6 months, 1, 2, and 5 years of age?" ow do adolescents establish health identity during psychosocial development? By evaluating their own health with feelings of well-being By fostering their independence with a balanced family structure By building close peer relationships to achieve societal acceptance By achieving marked physical changes with masculine and fem