MICROSCOPIC
EXAMINATION OF
URINE
CHAPTER 6
,INTRODUCTION
• Identification of insoluble substances (formed elements)
• Red blood cells (RBCs)
• White blood cells (WBCs)
• Epithelial cells
• Casts
• Bacteria
• Yeast parasites
• Mucus
• Spermatozoa
• Crystals
• Artifacts
• Least standardized, most time-consuming
,MACROSCOPIC SCREENING / CHEMICAL SIEVING
• Microscopic is performed based on physical and chemical results
• Color, clarity, blood, protein, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, and possibly glucose
• Special populations: pregnant women; pediatric, geriatric, diabetic,
immunocompromised, renal patients
, CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STANDARDS
INSTITUTE (CLSI)
• Requested by the physician
• Laboratory-specified population
• Any abnormal physical or chemical result
• Laboratory criteria are programmed into automated instrumentation
EXAMINATION OF
URINE
CHAPTER 6
,INTRODUCTION
• Identification of insoluble substances (formed elements)
• Red blood cells (RBCs)
• White blood cells (WBCs)
• Epithelial cells
• Casts
• Bacteria
• Yeast parasites
• Mucus
• Spermatozoa
• Crystals
• Artifacts
• Least standardized, most time-consuming
,MACROSCOPIC SCREENING / CHEMICAL SIEVING
• Microscopic is performed based on physical and chemical results
• Color, clarity, blood, protein, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, and possibly glucose
• Special populations: pregnant women; pediatric, geriatric, diabetic,
immunocompromised, renal patients
, CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STANDARDS
INSTITUTE (CLSI)
• Requested by the physician
• Laboratory-specified population
• Any abnormal physical or chemical result
• Laboratory criteria are programmed into automated instrumentation
