NURS 3366 AO Patho Q & A Final Exam A+ GRADED

NURS 3366 AO PATHO
Final Exam Q & A – Summer 2019


 What are some specific genitourinary diseases men can get?
o BPH
o Prostate Cancer
o Prostatitis
o Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra
 What are some specific genitourinary diseases women can get?
o PID: infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
o UTI
o Amenorrhea: absent menses due to hormonal changes: menopause
o Dysmenorrhea: painful heavy menses
 What are the s/sx of a UTI?
o Frequency
o Urinary retention
o Dysuria: pain while urinating
o Pyuria
o Fever

 What are the risk factors and s/sx for kidney stones?
o Risk factors
 Hypercalcemia
 Men
 Gout
o S&S
 Colicky pain
 Hematuria
 Obstruction
 Flank/groin pain
 What are the three types of AKI (and their causes)?
o Prerenal
 Causes
 Hemolytic anemia
 Hypotension
 Hemorrhage
 Decreased urinary blood perfusion
o Postrenal
 Causes
 Kidney stones
 Uterine prolapse
 BPH
o Intrarenal
 Causes
 Trauma
 Strep throat

, Final Exam Q & A – Summer 2019


 Hypertension
 Failure of post or pre renal
 Your patient is hypokalemic. Will they be hyper or hypo polarized?
o Hyperpolarized
 Also hyponatremia and hypercalcemia
o What signs and symptoms will they have?
 Slow
 Lethargic
 Dull mentation
 Bradycardia
 Your patient is hypercalcemic? How are they polarized? What are their s/sx?
o Hyperpolarized
 What are the normal values for ABG’s?
o Ph: 7:35-7:45
o HCO3: 22-26
o PCO2: 35-45
o SaO2: 97-100%
o Po2: 80-100
 What are the following ABG’s? Compensates? Causes?
o pH: 7.30, HCO3 18, PCO2: 40, PO2 = 90, SaO2 = 99%
 Metabolic Acidosis
 Causes
 Diabetic ketoacidosis
 Renal failure
 Compensation
 Lung blow off more CO2
 Deeper and faster breathing
o pH: 7.31, HCO3 23, PCO2: 65, PO2 = 50, SaO2 = 79%
 Respiratory Acidosis
 Causes
 Chronic bronchitis
 Pt is unconscious, RR < 12 per min
 Compensation
 Kidneys hold onto more HCO3 and get rid of acids
o pH: 7.50, HCO3 29, PCO2: 40, PO2 = 95, SaO2 = 100%
 Metabolic alkalosis
 Causes
 Extreme vomiting
 Compensation
 Lungs hold onto more CO2
o pH: 7.48, HCO3 23, PCO2: 31, PO2 = 98, SaO2 = 100%
 Respiratory Alkalosis
 Causes

, Final Exam Q & A – Summer 2019


 Hyperventilation
o Anxiety/panic attacks
 Compensation
 Kidneys get rid of more HCO3
 Name four disruptions to ATP manufacturing.
o Malnourishment
o Electrolyte imbalances
o Hypoxemia
o Fluid shift changes
 When your patient is hypoxic, what metabolic pathway are they using?
o Anerobic glycolysis
 What are some sequela of hypoxia for the cell?
o Ischemia
o No ATP manufactured
o Lactic acid
 When you don’t eat, what is the body’s first back up plan?
o Glycogenolysis
 What does your body do when its glycogen stores are depleted? What is produced as
a result?
o Uses fats and proteins in a process called gluconeogenesis
o Ketones are produced as a result
 Name two diseases related to your cellular metabolism back-up plans:
o McArdle’s Disease
o Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
 How are tumors staged?
o T
 Are cancer cells present?
o N
 Are lymph nodes involved
o M
 Has it metastasized?
 What are some etiologies of cancer?
o Smoking
o Hormones
o Heredity
o Aging
o Environmental
o Free radicals
o Carcinogens
o Invading organisms
 What are some characteristics of cancer?
o Pain
o Fatigue