NURS 3366
Patho OOHs Exam #4 Review Questions
Neurological Disorders:
1. What are the risk factors for a brain attack/stroke?
preexisting hx of atherosclerosis
preexisting hx of HTN
older age
smoking
diabetes
high-fat diets
family hx
2. What are the differences between a TIA & a CVA (BA)?
Transient Ischemic attack is short term, temporary, does not damage brain tissue,
warning sign as a fully developed stoke can occur
BA damages brain tissue
3. What is often the first sign of a neurologic event?
Decreased LOC: not oriented, not alert, confusion, coma, speech garbled, altered
breathing patters, aggresion
4. What are signs and symptoms of a diffuse/brain stem stroke?
LOC, coma/comatose
HR and BP changes
Cheyne-stokes
Weakened strength
Sneezing, coughing, reflex diminished
Positive Babinskis
Abnormal vital signs
Decorticate posturing: clenched fist, legs straight out, arms bent in towards core
Decerebrate Posturing: more severe, head and neck arched, toes pointed down, arms
are straight out
5. What types of “Special Functions” deficits would a person with a left hemispheric stroke
have?
Dysphasia: difficulty speaking
Aphasia: loss of understanding or to express speech
Right side dropping
Can’t do math, analyze, reason, or organize as efficiently
6. What are the STAT Interventions performed by medical personnel when a patient has a
stroke?
O2
HOB up at least 30 degrees
Diuretics
ICP monitor
BP management
7. What is the definition of dementia and what disease does it manifest in?
Type of forgetfulness that is different from normal absentminded: emotional upset,
behavioral changes
Alzheimer’s Disease
This study source was downloaded by 100000841138256 from CourseHero.com on 06-16-2022 02:30:37 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/68534874/AO-Patho-Q-A-Exam-4docx/
, Patho OOHs Exam #4 Review Questions
Posterior frontal lobe: motor changes
8. What are the effects of acetylcholine? Dopamine? How do these relate to Parkinson’s
Disease?
Acetylcholine: Excitatory
Dopamine: Inhibitory
Not enough dopamine, increased excitatory effect
Hypertonia: mask like face, cog-wheel riddigy of fore arms (jerking)
Dyskinesia: movement disorder, have facial and trunk movement (Parkinson’s tremor)
pill rolling (booger between fingers), Posture adjustments
9. What is Multiple Sclerosis? What are some signs and symptoms?
Autoimmune disorder where our T cells attack our myelin sheath, demyelination.
Asymmetrical (not all plaques are equal)
S/S: Paresthesia, Double vision, Bladder control issues, Weakness, Vertigo,
incoordination, ataxia = staggering gait
10. Name some differences between general seizures and partial seizures?
General: always unconscious, tonic-clonic movement
Partial: begin locally, varied level of consciousness
11. What disease correlates to a positive Brudzinzki’s sign?
Bacterial/Viral Meningitis
Brudzinski sign: brain stem attack, neck flexed, pt has severe neck stiffness, hips and
knees flexed
Kernig’s Sign: flex hip and knees to abdomen, back pain
12. What is the definition of Mydriasis?
Pupil dilation, equally in both eyes when exposed to less light
Miosis: pupil contriction, exposed to more light
Endocrine:
13. What is ADH and the problem associated with undersecretion of ADH?
Antidiuretic hormone: pituitary gland, renal related, CNS related
Diabetes insipidus: under secretion of ADH, dehydration at its max
S/S: Polyuria, poor skin turgor, tissue to blood movement, higher osmolality, dry
membranes, thirsty
14. What are Thyroxine (T4) & Triiodothyronine (T3) functions in the body?
Metabolic rate
Caloric requirements
Oxygen consumption
Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Growth and development
Brain and nervous system functions
15. What is the autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies attack TSH receptors on the
thyroid?
Hyperthyroidism, Graves Disease
16. What are Osteoclasts and what is their function?
This study source was downloaded by 100000841138256 from CourseHero.com on 06-16-2022 02:30:37 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/68534874/AO-Patho-Q-A-Exam-4docx/
Patho OOHs Exam #4 Review Questions
Neurological Disorders:
1. What are the risk factors for a brain attack/stroke?
preexisting hx of atherosclerosis
preexisting hx of HTN
older age
smoking
diabetes
high-fat diets
family hx
2. What are the differences between a TIA & a CVA (BA)?
Transient Ischemic attack is short term, temporary, does not damage brain tissue,
warning sign as a fully developed stoke can occur
BA damages brain tissue
3. What is often the first sign of a neurologic event?
Decreased LOC: not oriented, not alert, confusion, coma, speech garbled, altered
breathing patters, aggresion
4. What are signs and symptoms of a diffuse/brain stem stroke?
LOC, coma/comatose
HR and BP changes
Cheyne-stokes
Weakened strength
Sneezing, coughing, reflex diminished
Positive Babinskis
Abnormal vital signs
Decorticate posturing: clenched fist, legs straight out, arms bent in towards core
Decerebrate Posturing: more severe, head and neck arched, toes pointed down, arms
are straight out
5. What types of “Special Functions” deficits would a person with a left hemispheric stroke
have?
Dysphasia: difficulty speaking
Aphasia: loss of understanding or to express speech
Right side dropping
Can’t do math, analyze, reason, or organize as efficiently
6. What are the STAT Interventions performed by medical personnel when a patient has a
stroke?
O2
HOB up at least 30 degrees
Diuretics
ICP monitor
BP management
7. What is the definition of dementia and what disease does it manifest in?
Type of forgetfulness that is different from normal absentminded: emotional upset,
behavioral changes
Alzheimer’s Disease
This study source was downloaded by 100000841138256 from CourseHero.com on 06-16-2022 02:30:37 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/68534874/AO-Patho-Q-A-Exam-4docx/
, Patho OOHs Exam #4 Review Questions
Posterior frontal lobe: motor changes
8. What are the effects of acetylcholine? Dopamine? How do these relate to Parkinson’s
Disease?
Acetylcholine: Excitatory
Dopamine: Inhibitory
Not enough dopamine, increased excitatory effect
Hypertonia: mask like face, cog-wheel riddigy of fore arms (jerking)
Dyskinesia: movement disorder, have facial and trunk movement (Parkinson’s tremor)
pill rolling (booger between fingers), Posture adjustments
9. What is Multiple Sclerosis? What are some signs and symptoms?
Autoimmune disorder where our T cells attack our myelin sheath, demyelination.
Asymmetrical (not all plaques are equal)
S/S: Paresthesia, Double vision, Bladder control issues, Weakness, Vertigo,
incoordination, ataxia = staggering gait
10. Name some differences between general seizures and partial seizures?
General: always unconscious, tonic-clonic movement
Partial: begin locally, varied level of consciousness
11. What disease correlates to a positive Brudzinzki’s sign?
Bacterial/Viral Meningitis
Brudzinski sign: brain stem attack, neck flexed, pt has severe neck stiffness, hips and
knees flexed
Kernig’s Sign: flex hip and knees to abdomen, back pain
12. What is the definition of Mydriasis?
Pupil dilation, equally in both eyes when exposed to less light
Miosis: pupil contriction, exposed to more light
Endocrine:
13. What is ADH and the problem associated with undersecretion of ADH?
Antidiuretic hormone: pituitary gland, renal related, CNS related
Diabetes insipidus: under secretion of ADH, dehydration at its max
S/S: Polyuria, poor skin turgor, tissue to blood movement, higher osmolality, dry
membranes, thirsty
14. What are Thyroxine (T4) & Triiodothyronine (T3) functions in the body?
Metabolic rate
Caloric requirements
Oxygen consumption
Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Growth and development
Brain and nervous system functions
15. What is the autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies attack TSH receptors on the
thyroid?
Hyperthyroidism, Graves Disease
16. What are Osteoclasts and what is their function?
This study source was downloaded by 100000841138256 from CourseHero.com on 06-16-2022 02:30:37 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/68534874/AO-Patho-Q-A-Exam-4docx/
