Patho Exam One Q & A
Questions For Students
Name four disruptions to ATP Manufacturing.
1. Hypoxia – decrease in amount of oxygen to cell or ability to use oxygen appropriately
2. Nutritional problems – decreased glucose & and vitamin availability for cell use
3. Changes in balance of electrolytes and other solutes, including acid/base imbalance
4. Changes in fluid distributions
Your patient is hyperkalemic. Will they be hyper or hypopolarized?
Hypopolarized
What signs and symptoms will they have?
Irritability, muscle spasm, and hyperactivity
Your patient is hypercalcemic. How are they polarized?
Hyperpolarized
What signs and symptoms will they have?
Hypoactivity, fatigue, lethargy, and mental slowness
What are the normal values for ABG’s?
pH 7.35-7.45
HCO3 22-26
pCO2 35-45
pO2 80-100
SaO2 97%-100%
What are the following ABGs? What may have caused these ABGs? How does the body
compensate for these?
• pH 7.29, HCO3 17
- Metabolic acidosis – not releasing enough H+, not able to make HC03, causing pH to
drop
• pH 7.50, HCO3 29
- Metabolic alkalosis – to much HCO3 ingestion, not getting rid of of HCO3, vomiting,
too much acid
When you don’t eat, what happens to your glucose levels?
Glucose levels go down, which causes glycogenesis (uses glycogen for glucose)
What does your body do when its’ glycogen stores are depleted?
Uses gluconeogenesis – uses the fats and proteins
Name two diseases related to your cellular metabolism back up plans.
1. McArdle’s disease – normal ability to breakdown glycogen (glycogenolysis) is
diminished
2. Type 1 Diabetes – gluconeogenesis taken to extreme, do not make insulin
What does it mean when a tumor is staged as: T2, N1, M0?
T2: cancerous tumor size
N1: spread to lymph nodes
M0: no metastasis
What are some etiologies of cancer?
1. Environmental, Free radicals etc..
- Smoking
- Air pollution
Questions For Students
Name four disruptions to ATP Manufacturing.
1. Hypoxia – decrease in amount of oxygen to cell or ability to use oxygen appropriately
2. Nutritional problems – decreased glucose & and vitamin availability for cell use
3. Changes in balance of electrolytes and other solutes, including acid/base imbalance
4. Changes in fluid distributions
Your patient is hyperkalemic. Will they be hyper or hypopolarized?
Hypopolarized
What signs and symptoms will they have?
Irritability, muscle spasm, and hyperactivity
Your patient is hypercalcemic. How are they polarized?
Hyperpolarized
What signs and symptoms will they have?
Hypoactivity, fatigue, lethargy, and mental slowness
What are the normal values for ABG’s?
pH 7.35-7.45
HCO3 22-26
pCO2 35-45
pO2 80-100
SaO2 97%-100%
What are the following ABGs? What may have caused these ABGs? How does the body
compensate for these?
• pH 7.29, HCO3 17
- Metabolic acidosis – not releasing enough H+, not able to make HC03, causing pH to
drop
• pH 7.50, HCO3 29
- Metabolic alkalosis – to much HCO3 ingestion, not getting rid of of HCO3, vomiting,
too much acid
When you don’t eat, what happens to your glucose levels?
Glucose levels go down, which causes glycogenesis (uses glycogen for glucose)
What does your body do when its’ glycogen stores are depleted?
Uses gluconeogenesis – uses the fats and proteins
Name two diseases related to your cellular metabolism back up plans.
1. McArdle’s disease – normal ability to breakdown glycogen (glycogenolysis) is
diminished
2. Type 1 Diabetes – gluconeogenesis taken to extreme, do not make insulin
What does it mean when a tumor is staged as: T2, N1, M0?
T2: cancerous tumor size
N1: spread to lymph nodes
M0: no metastasis
What are some etiologies of cancer?
1. Environmental, Free radicals etc..
- Smoking
- Air pollution
