NURS 3366 AO Pathophysiology Q & A Exam #5 Complete Solution Latest

NURS3366 Exam AO PATHO #5
Q&A
• What are some specific genitourinary diseases men can get?
o BPH
o Prostate Cancer
o Prostatitis
o Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra
• What are some specific genitourinary diseases women can get?
o PID: infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
o UTI
o Amenorrhea: absent menses due to hormonal changes: menopause
o Dysmenorrhea: painful heavy menses
• What are the s/sx of a UTI?
o Frequency
o Urinary retention
o Dysuria: pain while urinating
o Pyuria
o Fever

• What are the risk factors and s/sx for kidney stones?
o Risk factors
▪ Hypercalcemia
▪ Men
▪ Gout
o S&S
▪ Colicky pain
▪ Hematuria
▪ Obstruction
▪ Flank/groin pain
• What are the three types of AKI (and their causes)?
o Prerenal
▪ Causes
• Hemolytic anemia
• Hypotension
• Hemorrhage
• Decreased urinary blood perfusion
o Postrenal
▪ Causes
• Kidney stones
• Uterine prolapse
• BPH
o Intrarenal
▪ Causes
• Trauma
• Strep throat

, NURS3366 Exam AO PATHO #5
Q&A
• Hypertension
• Failure of post or pre renal
• Your patient is hypokalemic. Will they be hyper or hypo polarized?
o Hyperpolarized
▪ Also hyponatremia and hypercalcemia
o What signs and symptoms will they have?
▪ Slow
▪ Lethargic
▪ Dull mentation
▪ Bradycardia
• Your patient is hypercalcemic? How are they polarized? What are their s/sx?
o Hyperpolarized
• What are the normal values for ABG’s?
o Ph: 7:35-7:45
o HCO3: 22-26
o PCO2: 35-45
o SaO2: 97-100%
o Po2: 80-100
• What are the following ABG’s? Compensates? Causes?
o pH: 7.30, HCO3 18, PCO2: 40, PO2 = 90, SaO2 = 99%
▪ Metabolic Acidosis
▪ Causes
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Renal failure
▪ Compensation
• Lung blow off more CO2
• Deeper and faster breathing
o pH: 7.31, HCO3 23, PCO2: 65, PO2 = 50, SaO2 = 79%
▪ Respiratory Acidosis
▪ Causes
• Chronic bronchitis
• Pt is unconscious, RR < 12 per min
▪ Compensation
• Kidneys hold onto more HCO3 and get rid of acids
o pH: 7.50, HCO3 29, PCO2: 40, PO2 = 95, SaO2 = 100%
▪ Metabolic alkalosis
▪ Causes
• Extreme vomiting
▪ Compensation
• Lungs hold onto more CO2
o pH: 7.48, HCO3 23, PCO2: 31, PO2 = 98, SaO2 = 100%
▪ Respiratory Alkalosis
▪ Causes

, NURS3366 Exam AO PATHO #5
Q&A
• Hyperventilation
o Anxiety/panic attacks
▪ Compensation
• Kidneys get rid of more HCO3
• Name four disruptions to ATP manufacturing.
o Malnourishment
o Electrolyte imbalances
o Hypoxemia
o Fluid shift changes
• When your patient is hypoxic, what metabolic pathway are they using?
o Anerobic glycolysis
• What are some sequela of hypoxia for the cell?
o Ischemia
o No ATP manufactured
o Lactic acid
• When you don’t eat, what is the body’s first back up plan?
o Glycogenolysis
• What does your body do when its glycogen stores are depleted? What is produced as
a result?
o Uses fats and proteins in a process called gluconeogenesis
o Ketones are produced as a result
• Name two diseases related to your cellular metabolism back-up plans:
o McArdle’s Disease
o Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
• How are tumors staged?
o T
▪ Are cancer cells present?
o N
▪ Are lymph nodes involved
o M
▪ Has it metastasized?
• What are some etiologies of cancer?
o Smoking
o Hormones
o Heredity
o Aging
o Environmental
o Free radicals
o Carcinogens
o Invading organisms
• What are some characteristics of cancer?
o Pain
o Fatigue