GACE History 34, 35 with complete solutions.

GACE History 34, 35 with complete al civilizations Civilizations that arose in river valleys (Mesopotamia, Egypt, etc.) Fertile Crescent Cradle of civilization from the Persian Gulf to the Sinai Peninsula (coined by Egyptologist James Breasted) Mesopotamia The location of the first civilization, the Akkadians, led by Sargon Sumerians Mesopotamian civilization. Invented the wheel, developed irrigation, cuneiform. Code of Hammurabi Famous Babylonian Code of Laws Darius Built a collection of cities and satraps into the Persian Empire Kush Second oldest African civilization. Ruled by women. Worshiped Egyptian gods. Conquered by Nubians. Hinduism Religion developed by Aryans around 1500 BCE. Polytheists, hundreds of gods and goddesses. Caste system. Buddhism Developed in India from the teachings of the Prince Gautama. Opposed the worship of multiple deities, the Hindu caste system, and the supernatural. Worshipers must be free from worldly attachments and overcome suffering. Confucianism Chinese religion with no clergy, organization, belief in a deity, or belief in afterlife. Emphasizes political and moral ideas with respect for authority and ancestors. Shinto Native Japanese religion based on folk beliefs worshiping spirits and demons in animals, trees, mountains, etc. Han Dynasty Chinese Dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE). One of the greatest periods in Chinese history. Became a Confucian state. Exercised influence over southeast Asia. Upgrade to remove ads Only $35.99/year Cradle of Western Civilization Greece Athenian Democracy Each citizen has an equal vote. Adopted by many western nations. Homer Author of the Iliad and the Odyssey Aristotle ... Socrates ... Plato ... Pythagoras ... Euclid ... Archimedes Calculated the value of Pi Herodotus ... Upgrade to remove ads Only $35.99/year Thucyclides ... Pax Romana The long period of peace enabling free trade and travel, spreading people, cultures, goods, and ideas The Mongol Empire Founded by Genghis Khan. Expanded from SE Asia to central Europe. Genghis Khan conquered of the Mongol Empire Kublai Khan uniter of the Mongol Empire Marco Polo First European to travel the Silk Road to China and return Bantu-speaking people People who dominated sub-equatorial Africa. One of the largest migrations in history (from N and W to the E and S). Introduced superior technology and agricultural advances. Swahili is a Bantu language. Ghana Conquered by Muslim Berbers 1076. Sudanic Empire. Mali Sudanic Empire. Kings (called "Mansa") ruled over feudal states. Most powerful king was Mansa Musa. Blend of Islamic faith and traditional African belief. Songhai Initially a province of Mali. By the 15th c., it surpassed all of Mali. Upgrade to remove ads Only $35.99/year Zimbabwe West Africa. Stone structures. Trade as far as China. Republic of Benin Site of an early West African kingdom known as Dahomey. Slave trade with Europeans. Decline after slavery. French took over 1892. Triangular Trade System Trading system between England, Africa, and America. Religious Syncretism in Africa Blending of Catholicism and traditional African beliefs. In Ethiopia, Greek Christians converted the King. The King of Kongo began converting people to Catholicism. However, since there were not many ordained clergymen, it was not a strict form of Catholicism. The same is true for Islam in Africa. Zheng He Muslim Chinese explorer that explored through the Indian Ocean and to the African coast Vasco de Gama First to navigate the Cape of Good Hope, opening a new sea route to India (1498) Christopher Columbus Sailed from Spain for India, found the New World (1492) Ferdinand Magellan Spanish explorer, found passage through southern tip of South America (1520) John Cabot British sent Cabot to find a passage to Asia (like Columbus). Setup footholds in New World. (1497) Samuel de Champlain Frenchman established Quebec City and explored the Atlantic Coast Upgrade to remove ads Only $35.99/year James Cook British navigator. Opened routes to Hawaii, Australia, and New Zealand. Columbus Exchange Exchange of people, animals, and plants from Europe to the New World after Columbus. Tomato, Potato, corn, chocolate, and tobacco were imported to Europe. Horses, cattle, coffee, bananas, and wheat were brought to the New World. Also Smallpox and Influenza. Haitian Revolution Revolt led by slaves. Signaled the end of slavery. Nicolaus Copernicus Polish astronomer. Started Scientific Revolution. Heliocentric universe. Tycho Brahe Dutch Astronomer. Cataloged his observations of the night sky. Kepler built on his work. Johannes Kepler Confirmed the heliocentric universe. Laws of Planetary Movement. Galileo Galilei Italian scientist. Defended heliocentric universe. Used telescope. Put under house-arrest by Church. Died in house-arrest. Isaac Newton English Scientist. Discover of gravity and pioneer of optics, calculus, and physics. Renee Descartes French Philosopher. "I think, therefore I am." David Hume Pioneer of em