EDFO 420 Exam 2 questions with answers

EDFO 420 Exam 2 Urbanization, Industrialization, and Immigration Correct Answer: Influences on the growth of public schools Aims of the common school Correct Answer: Free, public education for all children controlled by local and state governments Andrew Jackson Correct Answer: Notion of the common man began with President Andrew Jackson. Jackson wanted to remove government from economic affairs. Horace Mann's values Correct Answer: 1) Spoke out against harsh treatment of students; 2) The "pedagogy of love" rather than overt authoritarianism; 3) Teacher's responsibility as moral agent; 4) Self-discipline ultimately supports self-government. Horace Mann's view on property Correct Answer: Property was not something to be hoarded privately; it was created "for the benefit and subsistence of the whole race...collectively." Property owners were at best stewards of nature's treasures, and their property could be best described as being "leased" rather than owned. Horace Mann's view on taxation Correct Answer: Common schools are for the benefit of all, and therefore demanded support from all. Mann's appeal to the wealthy Correct Answer: Children will better workers if they attend common school over private school. Mann's appeal to the working class Correct Answer: Prevent class divisions from hardening. Lower classes will be able to rise up to a higher class. The Irish Correct Answer: Catholic Religion; began setting up their own network of parochial schools. Religion Correct Answer: Schools claimed to be nonsectarian, but were overwhelmingly Protestant, which caused Catholics to begin their own network of parochial schools. 'Feminization of teaching' Correct Answer: Lower costs and more nurturing. Michael Katz's critique Correct Answer: Schools were a means of social control of the lower class while reinforcing qualities essential to factory work: respect for authority, synchronization, monotony, specialization, and punctuality. School funding Correct Answer: State funded through property tax. Many did not like the property tax for education because they either did not have children or their children were grown and no longer in school. They did not want to pay for someone else's education. African Americans & School Access Correct Answer: Non-white students not included in Common School plans; segregated schools. Kid catching Correct Answer: Children being chased and hogtied; literally taken from the arms of their mothers. Author's description of kid catching and the boarding schools Correct Answer: Children being taken and sent to schools faraway from their home. Children catching diseases/illnesses while at the school(s) and dying. Names being changed to English names. Children stripped of their Navajo language and when they return after they finish school they are unable to talk to their parents. When they return they are no longer fit for their former life and many return to the town and become laborers and the girls become cooks and servants. The process of assimilation Correct Answer: Renaming, cutting hair, language - English only, and appearance. Richard Henry Pratt Correct Answer: "Our goal is to kill the Indian in order to save the man." The significance of the naming process Correct Answer: Giving them a surname for transfer of property. Architecture Correct Answer: Linear; no bathrooms or sitting rooms. Native Americans were used to circular architecture. Discipline Correct Answer: 12 and older were inflicted with corporal punishment an even locked in the guardhouse; stern discipline, brutality, Court Martial format, and barred windows and locked doors. Food Correct Answer: Different food than Native Americans were used to. Some schools had more or less than others. Made to eat with utensils, which they were not used to. Native American children were undernourished and given lower quality food. Death & Disease Correct Answer: Many children fell ill with illnesses/diseases such as trachoma and tuberculosis. Many children died from these illnesses/diseases or became blind from trachoma. Conditions at the boarding schools Correct Answer: Would sleep more than one to a bed. Impact of the boarding schools Correct Answer: Influenza outbreak: 300 die at Haskell. Over half of the boarding school kids had trachoma. Tuberculosis was rampant. Poor diet for students. Carlisle, Haskell, and other schools kept cemeteries for children (bodies not even sent home for burial). Unintended Consequences Correct Answer: Rise in pan-Indian sentiment; marriages, friendships; greater native resolve, common struggle; heightened sense of otherness. Pan-Indian consciousness Correct Answer: Schools would show them the way. Acculturation. Pan-Indian "They were coming for the children." Carl Brigham Correct Answer: U.S., Educational Testing Service (ETS). Native born Americans were the most intellectually superior. Racist - Racial Superiority. Created the culture of standardized testing. Invented 200-800 scale, the delta difficulty rating system, and the practice of testing new questions by burying them in actual tests. The theoretical foundations of the SAT.