WGU C207
Random Errors - Answer Error in measurement caused by unpredictable statistical
fluctuations
Information Bias - Answer A prejudice in the data that results when either the
respondent or the interviewer has an agenda and is not presenting impartial questions
or responding with truly honest responses, respectively
Ratio Data - Answer Similar to interval data in that the data is ordered within a range
and with each data point being an equal interval apart, also has a natural zero point
which indicates none of the given quality
Data Set - Answer A collection of related data records on a storage device.
Nominal Data - Answer Sometimes called categorical data or qualitative data, this data
type is used to label subjects or data by name
Reliable Data - Answer Data that is consistent and repeatable
Davenport-Kim Three Stages Model - Answer A decision-making model developed by
Thomas Davenport and Jinho Kim that consists of three stages:
Framing the problem
Solving the problem
Communicating the problem
Blind study - Answer A study performed where the participants are not told if they are in
the treatment group or control group
Double-Blind Study - Answer A study performed where neither the treatment allocators
nor the participant knows which group the participant is in
Measurement Bias - Answer A prejudice in the data that results when the sample is not
representative of the population being represented.
Analytics - Answer The discovery, analysis, and communication of meaningful patterns
in data.
Data Management - Answer The management, including the cleaning and storage, of
collected data
Triple-Blind Study - Answer A study performed where neither the treatment allocator nor
the participant nor the response gatherer knows which group the participant is in
Omission Error - Answer An error because something ( for example, data or survey
responses) is missing.
,WGU C207
Relational Database - Answer A database structured to recognize relations among
stored items of information
Ordinal Data - Answer Data that places data objects into an order according o some
quality with higher order indicating more of that quality
Discrete Data - Answer Data that can only take on whole values and has clear
boundaries
Interval Data - Answer Data that is ordered within a range and with each data point
being an equal interval apart
Valid Data - Answer Data resulting from a test that accurately measures what it is
intended to measure
Big Data - Answer A catch-phrase that describes a massive volume that is so large that
it's difficult to process using traditional database software techniques
Systematic errors - Answer Errors in measurement that are constant within a data set,
sometimes caused by faulty equipment or bias.
Benchmarks - Answer Standards or points of reference for an industry or sector that can
be used for comparison and evaluation.
Continuous Data - Answer Data that can lay along any point in a range of data
Statistics - Answer The science that deals with the interpretation of numerical facts or
data though theories of probability. Also, the numerical facts or data themselves.
Decision Tree Analysis - Answer The diagram of possible alternatives and their
expected consequences in order to formulate passible courses of action in order to
make decisions
Expected Monetary Value (EMV) Analysis - Answer A statistical technique that
calculates the average outcome when the future includes scenarios that may or may not
happen.
Response Rates - Answer The number of people who respond to a marketing offer
(often expressed as a percentage of the number of responses divided by the number of
people that ere targeted mail, email etc.)
Click-through rates - Answer A common metric to measure the success of an email
campaign. Total number of clicks on a hotlink(s) in an email divided by the number of
emails sent. Includes multiple clicks by a unique user.
, WGU C207
Open Rate - Answer The number of email message recipients who opened an email,
usually as a percentage of the number of emails sent or delivered. The open rate is
considered a key metric for judging an email marketing campaign.
Transactional Data - Answer Data that records a time and relevant reference data
needed for a particular transaction record; can be financial, involving everything from a
purchase to shipping status to a product return.
Response Bias - Answer When respondents to a survey say what they believe the
questioner wants to hear. This bias can occur as a result of the wording of a question.
Conscious bias - Answer The surveyor is actively seeking a certain response to support
his or her cause. Bias occurs when the researcher manipulates the phrasing of
questions in order to elicit the desired response
Missing data and refusals - Answer This misuse occurs when a certain part of the
sample gets lost or subjects refuse to contribute ti the overall data collection
Small sample size - Answer Sample size is too small to make inferences
Parametric test - Answer Assumes there is a structure (maybe a normal distribution) to
the population, often appearing when mean or standard deviation are important
Non-parametric test - Answer Does not assume there to be a structure (maybe a normal
distribution) to the population
Association and causality misuse - Answer When a researcher notices a relationship
between two variable and assumes that one variable is the cause of the other. In reality,
these variables might both be caused by separate variables; they would merely be
correlated. Or have no relationship at all.
Training and test data misuse - Answer When the same dat that's used to forma
hypothesis is then used to test the hypothesis. Sample size is too small and different
samples have a lot of crossover
Unfounded assumptions - Answer Assumption is made that has not been proven
Operationalization - Answer The development of specific research procedures that allow
for observation and measurement of abstract concepts. Key aspects of operationalizing
is defining variables and attributes that adequately represent the concepts of the study.
Blinding - Answer When researchers place barriers between themselves and subjects to
insure the researchers do not influence subjects' behavior.
Causation - Answer Cause and effect
Random Errors - Answer Error in measurement caused by unpredictable statistical
fluctuations
Information Bias - Answer A prejudice in the data that results when either the
respondent or the interviewer has an agenda and is not presenting impartial questions
or responding with truly honest responses, respectively
Ratio Data - Answer Similar to interval data in that the data is ordered within a range
and with each data point being an equal interval apart, also has a natural zero point
which indicates none of the given quality
Data Set - Answer A collection of related data records on a storage device.
Nominal Data - Answer Sometimes called categorical data or qualitative data, this data
type is used to label subjects or data by name
Reliable Data - Answer Data that is consistent and repeatable
Davenport-Kim Three Stages Model - Answer A decision-making model developed by
Thomas Davenport and Jinho Kim that consists of three stages:
Framing the problem
Solving the problem
Communicating the problem
Blind study - Answer A study performed where the participants are not told if they are in
the treatment group or control group
Double-Blind Study - Answer A study performed where neither the treatment allocators
nor the participant knows which group the participant is in
Measurement Bias - Answer A prejudice in the data that results when the sample is not
representative of the population being represented.
Analytics - Answer The discovery, analysis, and communication of meaningful patterns
in data.
Data Management - Answer The management, including the cleaning and storage, of
collected data
Triple-Blind Study - Answer A study performed where neither the treatment allocator nor
the participant nor the response gatherer knows which group the participant is in
Omission Error - Answer An error because something ( for example, data or survey
responses) is missing.
,WGU C207
Relational Database - Answer A database structured to recognize relations among
stored items of information
Ordinal Data - Answer Data that places data objects into an order according o some
quality with higher order indicating more of that quality
Discrete Data - Answer Data that can only take on whole values and has clear
boundaries
Interval Data - Answer Data that is ordered within a range and with each data point
being an equal interval apart
Valid Data - Answer Data resulting from a test that accurately measures what it is
intended to measure
Big Data - Answer A catch-phrase that describes a massive volume that is so large that
it's difficult to process using traditional database software techniques
Systematic errors - Answer Errors in measurement that are constant within a data set,
sometimes caused by faulty equipment or bias.
Benchmarks - Answer Standards or points of reference for an industry or sector that can
be used for comparison and evaluation.
Continuous Data - Answer Data that can lay along any point in a range of data
Statistics - Answer The science that deals with the interpretation of numerical facts or
data though theories of probability. Also, the numerical facts or data themselves.
Decision Tree Analysis - Answer The diagram of possible alternatives and their
expected consequences in order to formulate passible courses of action in order to
make decisions
Expected Monetary Value (EMV) Analysis - Answer A statistical technique that
calculates the average outcome when the future includes scenarios that may or may not
happen.
Response Rates - Answer The number of people who respond to a marketing offer
(often expressed as a percentage of the number of responses divided by the number of
people that ere targeted mail, email etc.)
Click-through rates - Answer A common metric to measure the success of an email
campaign. Total number of clicks on a hotlink(s) in an email divided by the number of
emails sent. Includes multiple clicks by a unique user.
, WGU C207
Open Rate - Answer The number of email message recipients who opened an email,
usually as a percentage of the number of emails sent or delivered. The open rate is
considered a key metric for judging an email marketing campaign.
Transactional Data - Answer Data that records a time and relevant reference data
needed for a particular transaction record; can be financial, involving everything from a
purchase to shipping status to a product return.
Response Bias - Answer When respondents to a survey say what they believe the
questioner wants to hear. This bias can occur as a result of the wording of a question.
Conscious bias - Answer The surveyor is actively seeking a certain response to support
his or her cause. Bias occurs when the researcher manipulates the phrasing of
questions in order to elicit the desired response
Missing data and refusals - Answer This misuse occurs when a certain part of the
sample gets lost or subjects refuse to contribute ti the overall data collection
Small sample size - Answer Sample size is too small to make inferences
Parametric test - Answer Assumes there is a structure (maybe a normal distribution) to
the population, often appearing when mean or standard deviation are important
Non-parametric test - Answer Does not assume there to be a structure (maybe a normal
distribution) to the population
Association and causality misuse - Answer When a researcher notices a relationship
between two variable and assumes that one variable is the cause of the other. In reality,
these variables might both be caused by separate variables; they would merely be
correlated. Or have no relationship at all.
Training and test data misuse - Answer When the same dat that's used to forma
hypothesis is then used to test the hypothesis. Sample size is too small and different
samples have a lot of crossover
Unfounded assumptions - Answer Assumption is made that has not been proven
Operationalization - Answer The development of specific research procedures that allow
for observation and measurement of abstract concepts. Key aspects of operationalizing
is defining variables and attributes that adequately represent the concepts of the study.
Blinding - Answer When researchers place barriers between themselves and subjects to
insure the researchers do not influence subjects' behavior.
Causation - Answer Cause and effect
