Micro exam 2 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Reduction reaction Correct Answer: -gain of electrons
-Usually an electron and a proton are removed at the same time
-NAD+ = oxidized form
Oxidation-reaction (redox) Correct Answer: -removal of electrons
Glycolysis Correct Answer: -first step in fermentation
-glycolysis results in glucose being converted (oxidized) to pyruvic acid
Cellular respiration Correct Answer: -Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and the electron transport system are part
of cellular respiration
What happens to NAD+ during glycolysis? Correct Answer: -2 NAD+ are reduced to 2 NADH
How many net ATP are produced during glycolysis? Correct Answer: -2 ATP are produced (net)
Does glycolysis require oxygen? Correct Answer: -No, it is anaerobic
Can pyruvic acid be used in the Krebs cycle? Correct Answer: -No, must be converted
what must pyruvic acid be converted into for use in the Krebs cycle? Correct Answer: -Acetyl CoA
Can pyruvic acid be used for fermentation? Correct Answer: -Yes
What happens to NAD+ during the Krebs cycle? How many ATP are produced? Correct Answer: -Pyruvic
acid derivatives are oxidized, whereas coenzymes (e.g. NAD+) are reduced.
-2 ATP
acetyl CoA is oxidized during the Krebs cycle Correct Answer: -True
What happens to NADH during the ETS? Correct Answer: -Electrons from NADH and other coenzymes
are transferred to carriers in the membrane.
What are the two possible types of electron acceptors? Correct Answer: -the final electron receptor is
O2 (AEROBIC RESPIRATION).
-In the absence of oxygen, the final electron receptor is another inorganic molecule. (ANAEROBIC
RESPIRATION)
Methane Correct Answer: -CH4
-end-product of anaerobic respiration.
At the same time that electrons are being passed around the membrane, what is happening to H+?
Correct Answer: -H+ is actively pumped across the membrane to create an "electrochemical gradient"
or PROTON MOTIVE FORCE.
, What type of transport is used to move these ions across the membrane? Correct Answer: -simple
diffusion through a special protein channel
What is the "proton motive force?" Correct Answer: -Electrochemical gradient
How is ATP made during the ETS? Correct Answer: -This channel is linked to ATP synthase
What is ATP synthase? Correct Answer: -enzyme that converts ADP to ATP
-movement of H+ back across the membrane provides the energy for ATP synthase
How many ATP molecules are produced by the ETS? Correct Answer: -34 ATP
Does fermentation require oxygen? Correct Answer: -No, it is anaerobic
-First step is glycolysis
What is the final electron acceptor during fermentation? Correct Answer: -Uses an organic molecule as
the final electron acceptor (e.g. pyruvate, acetaldehyde)
Does fermentation (immediately following glycolysis) produce any ATP? Correct Answer: -No
-Glycolysis is the only part of the fermentation process that produces a small amount of ATP
What happens to NADH during fermentation? Correct Answer: -NADH is oxidized back to NAD+
What are the two end products of fermentation? Correct Answer: -lactic acid and ethanol
An example of a bacterium that produces ethanol and one that produces lactic acid. Correct Answer: -
Lactic acid-HOMOLACTIC
-ethanol- HETEROLACTIC
ethonal fermentation Correct Answer: -CO2 is also a by-product created
What is a bacterial colony? Correct Answer: -Growth refers to an increase in the number of cells.
-As the number of cells increases, "colonies" of bacteria are formed.
What is a psychrophile? Correct Answer: -cold-loving
What is a Mesophile? Correct Answer: -moderate-temp loving; most common!
what is a Thermophile? Correct Answer: -heat-loving
what is a psychrotrophs? Correct Answer: -bacteria that grow well at refrigerator temperatures
What happens if the rice is not quickly cooled in the refrigerator? Correct Answer: -Improper
refrigeration allows B. cereus endospores to germinate. Bacteria then produce a toxin
Reduction reaction Correct Answer: -gain of electrons
-Usually an electron and a proton are removed at the same time
-NAD+ = oxidized form
Oxidation-reaction (redox) Correct Answer: -removal of electrons
Glycolysis Correct Answer: -first step in fermentation
-glycolysis results in glucose being converted (oxidized) to pyruvic acid
Cellular respiration Correct Answer: -Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and the electron transport system are part
of cellular respiration
What happens to NAD+ during glycolysis? Correct Answer: -2 NAD+ are reduced to 2 NADH
How many net ATP are produced during glycolysis? Correct Answer: -2 ATP are produced (net)
Does glycolysis require oxygen? Correct Answer: -No, it is anaerobic
Can pyruvic acid be used in the Krebs cycle? Correct Answer: -No, must be converted
what must pyruvic acid be converted into for use in the Krebs cycle? Correct Answer: -Acetyl CoA
Can pyruvic acid be used for fermentation? Correct Answer: -Yes
What happens to NAD+ during the Krebs cycle? How many ATP are produced? Correct Answer: -Pyruvic
acid derivatives are oxidized, whereas coenzymes (e.g. NAD+) are reduced.
-2 ATP
acetyl CoA is oxidized during the Krebs cycle Correct Answer: -True
What happens to NADH during the ETS? Correct Answer: -Electrons from NADH and other coenzymes
are transferred to carriers in the membrane.
What are the two possible types of electron acceptors? Correct Answer: -the final electron receptor is
O2 (AEROBIC RESPIRATION).
-In the absence of oxygen, the final electron receptor is another inorganic molecule. (ANAEROBIC
RESPIRATION)
Methane Correct Answer: -CH4
-end-product of anaerobic respiration.
At the same time that electrons are being passed around the membrane, what is happening to H+?
Correct Answer: -H+ is actively pumped across the membrane to create an "electrochemical gradient"
or PROTON MOTIVE FORCE.
, What type of transport is used to move these ions across the membrane? Correct Answer: -simple
diffusion through a special protein channel
What is the "proton motive force?" Correct Answer: -Electrochemical gradient
How is ATP made during the ETS? Correct Answer: -This channel is linked to ATP synthase
What is ATP synthase? Correct Answer: -enzyme that converts ADP to ATP
-movement of H+ back across the membrane provides the energy for ATP synthase
How many ATP molecules are produced by the ETS? Correct Answer: -34 ATP
Does fermentation require oxygen? Correct Answer: -No, it is anaerobic
-First step is glycolysis
What is the final electron acceptor during fermentation? Correct Answer: -Uses an organic molecule as
the final electron acceptor (e.g. pyruvate, acetaldehyde)
Does fermentation (immediately following glycolysis) produce any ATP? Correct Answer: -No
-Glycolysis is the only part of the fermentation process that produces a small amount of ATP
What happens to NADH during fermentation? Correct Answer: -NADH is oxidized back to NAD+
What are the two end products of fermentation? Correct Answer: -lactic acid and ethanol
An example of a bacterium that produces ethanol and one that produces lactic acid. Correct Answer: -
Lactic acid-HOMOLACTIC
-ethanol- HETEROLACTIC
ethonal fermentation Correct Answer: -CO2 is also a by-product created
What is a bacterial colony? Correct Answer: -Growth refers to an increase in the number of cells.
-As the number of cells increases, "colonies" of bacteria are formed.
What is a psychrophile? Correct Answer: -cold-loving
What is a Mesophile? Correct Answer: -moderate-temp loving; most common!
what is a Thermophile? Correct Answer: -heat-loving
what is a psychrotrophs? Correct Answer: -bacteria that grow well at refrigerator temperatures
What happens if the rice is not quickly cooled in the refrigerator? Correct Answer: -Improper
refrigeration allows B. cereus endospores to germinate. Bacteria then produce a toxin
