TEAS Science – Terms And
Explanations
Scientific Reasoning –
identify potential problems and to create solutions to those problems before they
actually occur
Scientific Method –
1. Problem identification
2. Questions Asking
3. Hypothesis
4. Data Collection/experiment
5. Analysis
6. Conclusion
Electronegativity –
increase from left to right on the periodic table, so covalent bonding often results
between atoms on the same side of the table (similar attraction for electrons)
Density –
mass/volume, liquid has the highest density, smallest volume has greatest
density
Gas –
Holds huge amounts of energy, molecules are spread out as much as possible,
high temp, much lower pressure
Liquid –
difficult to compress, atoms close together, liquid molecules want to stick
together (cohesive forces), fixed volume changing shape, pressure is high
Solid –
Hold shape, atoms and molecules are stuck in a specific structure, fixed shape
and volume,
Water –
becomes more dense when heated and expands when cools, compound of
hydrogen and oxygen, polar compound, good solvent, neutral pH, max density at
4 Celsius
Triple-point of Water –
the temperature in which water will coexist as a solid, liquid, gas - kelvin
,Serial Dilution –
The first step in making a serial dilution is to take a known volume (usually 1ml)
of stock and place it into a known volume of distilled water (usually 9ml). This
produces 10ml of the dilute solution. This dilute solution has 1ml of extract /10ml,
producing a 10-fold dilution.
Natural Selection –
process in which individuals of a species carrying certain mutations are better
able to survive and reproduce in their natural environment than others members
of the species (survival of the fittest)
Adaptation –
increase from generation to generation of alleles of genes that allows a species to
survive in their environment. A positive mutation that makes it easier for the
organism to survive is an adaption
Gene –
mechanism of hereditary, stretches of DNA on a chromosome that provide
information for an organism's characteristics
Alleles –
genes in different forms, some alleles contain mutations
Fertility rates are highr in which of the following type of countries –
less developed
Factors that affect birth and fertility rate –
religion, culture, economy, employment, government, education, literacy, infant
mortality rates, abortions, and accesiblity to family planning
Changes in population –
up = immigration and births, down = emmigration and death
Did King Philip Come Over For Good Spaghetti –
Domain - Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus- Species
Nucleic Acid –
store and transmit hereditary information (DNA and RNA)
Structure of Nucleic Acid –
chain of nucleotides that consist of a pentose, phosphate group, and nitrogenous
base
Pentose –
type of sugar
, Phosphate group –
molecule in the backbone of DNA and RNA that links the joins bases together
Nitrogenous base –
molecule found in DNA and RNA that encodes genetic information in cells
DNA Nitrogenous bases –
Adenine - Thymine, Guanine - Cytosine
RNA nitrogenous bases –
Adenine - Uracil, Guanine - Cytosine
DNA –
Deoxyribonucleic acid, double helix, form from WEAK bonds between
HYDROGEN atoms between bases in complementary strands of DNA
Adenine and Guanine –
Purines - two rings
Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil –
Pyrimidines - one ring
RNA –
Ribonucleic Acid, pyrimidine base of uracil is used instead of thymine, single
strand of nucleootides
Two differences in DNA and RNA –
1. different pyrimidine bases
2. different pentose component, deoxyribose (DNA) and ribose (RNA)
Messenger –
RNA, message stored in bases of DNA must be transferred to ribosomes to make
protein
Transcription –
cells copy the instructions from DNA to RNA and send the messenger RNA to
ribosomes, then proteins are made by ribosomes from the information and sent
out to the entire cell
Translation –
process of protein production from mRNA
DNA RNA Ribosomes –
produce proteins that are necessary for life
Prokaryotes –
Explanations
Scientific Reasoning –
identify potential problems and to create solutions to those problems before they
actually occur
Scientific Method –
1. Problem identification
2. Questions Asking
3. Hypothesis
4. Data Collection/experiment
5. Analysis
6. Conclusion
Electronegativity –
increase from left to right on the periodic table, so covalent bonding often results
between atoms on the same side of the table (similar attraction for electrons)
Density –
mass/volume, liquid has the highest density, smallest volume has greatest
density
Gas –
Holds huge amounts of energy, molecules are spread out as much as possible,
high temp, much lower pressure
Liquid –
difficult to compress, atoms close together, liquid molecules want to stick
together (cohesive forces), fixed volume changing shape, pressure is high
Solid –
Hold shape, atoms and molecules are stuck in a specific structure, fixed shape
and volume,
Water –
becomes more dense when heated and expands when cools, compound of
hydrogen and oxygen, polar compound, good solvent, neutral pH, max density at
4 Celsius
Triple-point of Water –
the temperature in which water will coexist as a solid, liquid, gas - kelvin
,Serial Dilution –
The first step in making a serial dilution is to take a known volume (usually 1ml)
of stock and place it into a known volume of distilled water (usually 9ml). This
produces 10ml of the dilute solution. This dilute solution has 1ml of extract /10ml,
producing a 10-fold dilution.
Natural Selection –
process in which individuals of a species carrying certain mutations are better
able to survive and reproduce in their natural environment than others members
of the species (survival of the fittest)
Adaptation –
increase from generation to generation of alleles of genes that allows a species to
survive in their environment. A positive mutation that makes it easier for the
organism to survive is an adaption
Gene –
mechanism of hereditary, stretches of DNA on a chromosome that provide
information for an organism's characteristics
Alleles –
genes in different forms, some alleles contain mutations
Fertility rates are highr in which of the following type of countries –
less developed
Factors that affect birth and fertility rate –
religion, culture, economy, employment, government, education, literacy, infant
mortality rates, abortions, and accesiblity to family planning
Changes in population –
up = immigration and births, down = emmigration and death
Did King Philip Come Over For Good Spaghetti –
Domain - Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus- Species
Nucleic Acid –
store and transmit hereditary information (DNA and RNA)
Structure of Nucleic Acid –
chain of nucleotides that consist of a pentose, phosphate group, and nitrogenous
base
Pentose –
type of sugar
, Phosphate group –
molecule in the backbone of DNA and RNA that links the joins bases together
Nitrogenous base –
molecule found in DNA and RNA that encodes genetic information in cells
DNA Nitrogenous bases –
Adenine - Thymine, Guanine - Cytosine
RNA nitrogenous bases –
Adenine - Uracil, Guanine - Cytosine
DNA –
Deoxyribonucleic acid, double helix, form from WEAK bonds between
HYDROGEN atoms between bases in complementary strands of DNA
Adenine and Guanine –
Purines - two rings
Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil –
Pyrimidines - one ring
RNA –
Ribonucleic Acid, pyrimidine base of uracil is used instead of thymine, single
strand of nucleootides
Two differences in DNA and RNA –
1. different pyrimidine bases
2. different pentose component, deoxyribose (DNA) and ribose (RNA)
Messenger –
RNA, message stored in bases of DNA must be transferred to ribosomes to make
protein
Transcription –
cells copy the instructions from DNA to RNA and send the messenger RNA to
ribosomes, then proteins are made by ribosomes from the information and sent
out to the entire cell
Translation –
process of protein production from mRNA
DNA RNA Ribosomes –
produce proteins that are necessary for life
Prokaryotes –
