SPED-430 Final Exam Study Guide (all 3 exams + ch. 10) with Complete Solution

When the number of students from various ethnic or linguistically diverse groups who receive special education services is skewed from the general population, it is called which of the following? B. Disproportionality Looking for patterns of errors to provide insight into learning how a student completes a task is called which of the following? A. Error analysis 00:01 01:26 All of the following statements about high-stakes testing are true, except A. Students with severe disabilities do not have to take it Mr Kehl collects student products over the course of the year to demonstrate the process his students make. Mr. Kehl is utilizing what type of assessment? C. Portfolio assessment Ella receives an 80% on her math test this week. Her teacher said she missed the cut-off by 5 points, so she will have to work on the same material next week and retake the test next Friday. Ella's teacher is employing what type of assessment? A. Criterion-referenced assessment Elisabeth's teacher gives a spelling test at the end of each week to determine student mastery of the words covered in the curriculum. This type of assessment is considered which of the following? B. Curriculum-based assessment Aaron's teacher noticed he was having difficulties reading in all of his classes. She referred him to a multidisciplinary team for special education services immediately. What model of assessment is Aaron's teacher following? B. Historical Model The process of evaluating an environment to determine if there are any influences on the learning process is called which of the following? D. An ecological evaluation Miss Jean, a school psychologist, administers a test on Billy, a student referred for a comprehensive evaluation. Billy's scores on an achievement test indicate that he is performing significantly below his peers in reading comprehension skills. Miss Jean administered what type of assessment? B. Norm-referenced test Susan was a referred for a comprehensive evaluation. It was determined at the eligibility meeting that she was not eligible for special education services but needed alternative planning in order to be successful in the general education classroom. What document will the team need to write for Susan? B. 504 accommodation plan In the event that a referred child is 3 years of age or younger and is eligible for services, the law requires what type of document to be written? B. Individualized Family Service Plan This process should result in only 3-5% of students requiring a full evaluation for exceptional learning needs or special education D. Response to Intervention Which of the following describes an assessment model where an emphasis is placed on finding solutions rather than seeking alternative placement and an eligibility label? D. Contemporary Model The following are key considerations when developing an individualized assessment plan, except which of the following? C. Previous screenings for the child can be disregarded At which tier of the RTI model does the eligibility meeting happen? D. None of the above - tier 1 - tier 2 - tier 3 During an eligibility meeting, who determines that the student is eligible for special education services based on the information collected through the evaluation process? D. The IEP team Informal assessments that can be tailored for individual students, used to identify mastery of a skill, and/or placement in a curriculum include which of the following? D. All of the above - observations - rating scales - checklists This law was the original law that mandated education agencies ensure an appropriate assessment and education for individuals with disabilities. D. Education for all Handicapped Children Act How many days does an LEA have to conduct a comprehensive evaluation? C. 45 days John's parents disagree with the results of his most recent evaluation and the recommendation from the multidisciplinary team, which is that John be discontinued from receiving special services. What can John's parents do? C. File a Due Process claim Which of the following was used prior to IDEA 2004 in order to determine the existence of a learning disability for a student being evaluated? C. Significant Discrepancy If a member of an IEP Team is unable to attend an IEP meeting, what must they do? C. Submit their information in writing to the IEP Team It may be determined that a Team member may not need to attend the IEP meeting under which circumstance? B. The IEP member is not presenting any new information All of the following are procedural safeguards, except which of the following? D. Parents are offered an opportunity to meet with the legal counsel of the LEA to be given information about special education laws Which of the following are services that are designed to assist a student's move between school and adult life? C. Transition services All of these behaviors would result in an automatic 45-day change of placement, except which of the following? C. Refusing to comply with teacher directions This is a civil rights law, whose purpose is to prevent discrimination against individuals with disabilities in programs receiving federal financial assistance. D. Rehabilitation Act Parents must be fully informed and provide consent for which of the following before it occurs? D. All of the above - the initiation of special education services - the release of confidential records - a comprehensive evaluation Federal law provides which of the following to insure the rights of parents are not violated? D. Several procedural safeguards When parents disagree with school system personnel, IDEA 2004 states which of the following? C. The school and parents have a mediation meeting Every student receiving special education services must have which of the following? B. An IEP According to IDEA 2004, the diagnosis of learning disabilities specifically requires that a student does which of the following? D. Not respond to research-based intervention Mrs. Jones is the special education teacher sitting on Jimmy's IEP Team. She is new to the district and is unaware of the testing procedures used during the multi-disciplinary evaluation. Who else at the IEP would be able to interpret the evaluation results? C. A school psychologist When students enroll in school and are provided with an identification number - a combination of letters and numbers - this number is which scale? D. Nominal Students who participated in the science fair were ranked by category and received first, second, and third place ribbons. This is an example of what type of scale? C. Ordinal This scale's numbers are used for identification that ranks greater or lesser quality or amount. The numbers are equidistant on the scale B. Interval This scale is used for direct comparisons and mathematical manipulations. The numbers on the scale are equidistant from each other and have a true meaning of absolute zero. A. Ratio Which of the following indicates a raw score? D. Correct answers = 20 This term is used when a national sample of students of the same age/grade take the same assessment and establish a mean and standard deviation D. Standardized Organizing data to see how the data cluster is called which of the following C. Measures of Central Tendency Organizing data to see how the data spread away from the mean is called which of the following? D. Normal Distribution What does the vertical line in the normal distribution represent? C. Mean Miss Bridget teaches in a small learning supported class. The following are the data from a recent math assessment from three of her students: 84, 80, 74. What is the variance? C. 4.11 Miss Bridget teaches in a small learning supported class. The following are the data from a recent math assessment from three of her students: 84, 80, 74. What is the standard deviation? B. 16.8889 An individual with an IQ of 70 may be classified as which of the following? B. Mental intellectual disability Score: 76 / Frequency: 5 Score: 72 / Frequency: 1 Score: 69 / Frequency: 1 Score: 68 / Frequency: 2 Score: 67 / Frequency: 1 Score: 52 / Frequency: 1 Score: 51 / Frequency: 1 Score: 50 / Frequency: 1 What is the appropriate mean? B. 67 Score: 76 / Frequency: 5 Score: 72 / Frequency: 1 Score: 69 / Frequency: 1 Score: 68 / Frequency: 2 Score: 67 / Frequency: 1 Score: 52 / Frequency: 1 Score: 51 / Frequency: 1 Score: 50 / Frequency: 1 What is the mode? A. 76 Score: 76 / Frequency: 5 Score: 72 / Frequency: 1 Score: 69 / Frequency: 1 Score: 68 / Frequency: 2 Score: 67 / Frequency: 1 Score: 52 / Frequency: 1 Score: 51 / Frequency: 1 Score: 50 / Frequency: 1 What is the median? D. 69 Score: 76 / Frequency: 5 Score: 72 / Frequency: 1 Score: 69 / Frequency: 1 Score: 68 / Frequency: 2 Score: 67 / Frequency: 1 Score: 52 / Frequency: 1 Score: 51 / Frequency: 1 Score: 50 / Frequency: 1 What is the range? C. 26 What type of distribution is depicted below (mean, median, mode - increase) B. Negative skew - Large numbers of scores occur above the mean A person who scores at the 85% tile scored as well or better than which of the following groups? B. 85% of the students in that age/grade When the mean score is represented as +/-2, what type of score is that? D. z score Using a standard deviation of 15 IQ points, a person with an obtained IQ score of 115 would have a z score of: B. +1 What is the percentile rank that is equivalent to the mean? A. 50 Children who fail to make academic progress through ESL services are eligible for special education services False All students who are eligible for special education services are required to have an alternative planning document in place False An Individualized Education Plan (IEP) differs from an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) in that an IEP includes family needs as well as the child's needs False Informed consent requires that local education agencies provide information to parents in their native language or mode of communication True Variance is described as the degree or amount of dispersion in a data set False The number of times a score occurs in a distribution can be determined by competing a frequency count True When analyzing the correlation illustrated on a scattergram, the closer the approximation of a straight line (indicating a perfect degree of correlation), the nearer the correlation is to which of the following? B. +1.00 Which of the following refers to the consistency of scores on a specific instrument across time or across items? D. Test reliability The scores obtained by Dr. Smith on a psychology test were compared and it was determined that the students who scores high on the first exam tended to score high on the second exam. Which of the following represents the probable correlation between the two sets of scores? D. Positive correlation Which of the following may be determined by analyzing the relationship between two sets of scores? C. Reliability When a teacher gives a test to students on one occasion, repeats the exam on the same students at a later date, and then correlates the scores, the teacher is demonstrating interest in determining which of the following? B. Test-retest reliability A practice effect may be a problem when studying the results of which of the following? A. Test-retest reliability Comparing the scores of a new assessment instrument with the scores of an older test may help to establish which of the following? C. Content validity Correlation coefficients are expressed as which of the following? A. Between -1.00 and +1.00 Which of the following represents the strongest relationship? D. -.59 Which of the following options would most likely represent a negative correlation? B. The course section number and test grade Correlation is represented by what symbol? B. r Using the graph below, answer the questions that follow (points gradually increasing) What is the name given to this type of graph? D. Scattergram Which of the following is considered a good reliability score? B. .80 The norm group should be representative of which of the following students? C. Those who will take the test later The number of items a student scores correctly on a test is referred to as which of the following? A. Raw score Which of the following defines the level at which the student could correctly answer all easier items? B. Basal Which of the following is the name given to the form used during the test administration and for scoring? B. Protocol Which score must be obtained in order to determine derived scores? C. Raw score This score expresses a student's standing in standard deviation units C. z score Sandy recently took a test and the chronological age was calculated to be 10 years, 10 months, and 23 days. Which of the following represents the correct rounded chronological age? D. 10.11 If an examinee asks the examiner if he or she answered an item correctly on a standardized test, the examiner should do which of the following? D. Reinforce the student's effort and ask the next question During which of the following phases should the examiner take special care to the follow test instructions? D. All of the above - test administration - interpretation - scoring For which of the following have norm-referenced assessments been developed? D. To compare a student to a national sample of other students the same age or in the same grade A large collection of test items thought to effectively represent a particular domain or content area A. Item pool Michael's mother received a copy of the standardized assessment he took in school. The results showed that Michael's current achievement level is 5-4. What does this mean? Michael is achieving at a five year, four month level A student scores one standard deviation below the mean, and when converted to a standard score that student's score is 85 (SD = 15). What would that student's score be using a T score? A. 40 Given the data below, answer the following questions: Student Name: Adam 1. 11. 0 2. 12. 0 3. 13. 1 4. 14. 1 5. 1 15. 0 6. 1 16. 0 7. 1 17. 0 8. 0 18. 9. 1 19. 10. 1 20. What is Adam's raw score? C. 7 Given the data below, answer the following questions: Student Name: Adam 1. 11. 0 2. 12. 0 3. 13. 1 4. 14. 1 5. 1 15. 0 6. 1 16. 0 7. 1 17. 0 8. 0 18. 9. 1 19. 10. 1 20. Why are items 18-20 not scored? D. The student hit the ceiling so the questions did not need to be administered Given the data below, answer the following questions: Student Name: Adam 1. 11. 0 2. 12. 0 3. 13. 1 4. 14. 1 5. 1 15. 0 6. 1 16. 0 7. 1 17. 0 8. 0 18. 9. 1 19. 10. 1 20. Why are items 1-4 not scored? A. Based on Adam's age or grade, the guidelines indicated to start at number 5 Given the data below, answer the following questions: Student Name: Adam 1. 11. 0 2. 12. 0 3. 13. 1 4. 14. 1 5. 1 15. 0 6. 1 16. 0 7. 1 17. 0 8. 0 18. 9. 1 19. 10. 1 20. What items represent the basal in this assessment? B. 5-7 Given the data below, answer the following questions: Student Name: Adam 1. 11. 0 2. 12. 0 3. 13. 1 4. 14. 1 5. 1 15. 0 6. 1 16. 0 7. 1 17. 0 8. 0 18. 9. 1 19. 10. 1 20. What items represent the ceiling in this assessment? C. 15-17 When measuring student progress against an objective, which of the following is the teacher using? B. Criterion-referenced assessment Which of the following is an example of a reading comprehension assessment device? C. Cloze Conducting a task analysis allows the teacher to do which of the following? A. determine prerequisite skills the student may not know The goal against which progress is measured in curriculum-based measurement is known as which of the following? D. Aimline When a teacher monitors progress several times each week to determine the level of skill acquisition, the teacher is using which of the following? A. Formative assessment When a teacher evaluates her students' ability to read a map of bus routes while the class is in the bus terminal, the teacher is using what type of assessment to evaluate these skills? B. Authentic assessment Curriculum-based measurement evaluates student performance against: C. An achievement goal for the year This line shows average performance on a graph and changes every time data are entered B. Trend line Which of the following is something you might find in a portfolio assessment? D. All of the above - journal entries - reading response log - artwork When are summative assessments given? A. At the end of an instructional period Using the graph below to answer the following questions: Graph with one steady line increasing, and another line with various data point measurements According to the graph, it could be said that on day 1-6: D. The student was maintaining progress toward the goal As long as a test has good validity, reliability is not important False When a preschool test is needed to determine how students will perform in reading, it is important that the test have good predictive validity True 6.4 is an example of an age equivalency False Ceilings are thought to represent the level at which more difficult questions would not be passed True When calculating the raw score, all items that appear before the established basal are not counted because they were not administered False Both norm-referenced assessment and informal methods of assessment could have problems with cultural bias True A teacher analyzes the classroom assignment of her students to determine what type of mistakes the students are making. This is an example of error analysis True Writing educational objectives for skills to be tested would be part of the criterion-referenced assessment process True Which of the following is an example of a measure that would provide detailed information regarding a student's response to instruction D. Curriculum-based measurement Tier III interventions in the RTI model are typically delivered by what type of school personnel? A. Specialists This process was used to identify students with disabilities by comparing a student's cognitive ability with his or her academic achievement to determine if a significant difference between the two exists A. Discrepancy analysis These instructional methods are used in the Tier I RTI model and meet the needs of the majority of students C. Universal methods This provides information about all students in the general education classroom to determine if any are at risk or are below the level of expected performance for their grade C. Universal screening Within the RTI framework, this allows decisions to be made about when a student's current educational program needs to be changed through ongoing data collection A. Progress monitoring