BIO 592 Final Exam 2022/2023 with Complete solutions Graded A+

What is the recommended age range for HPV vaccination? 11-12 Although HPV infections may be harmless and asymptomatic, what is one negative outcome of persistent HPV infection? cervical cancer What is one of the theories of the pathophysiology of EBV + HL? Inflammatory Microenvironment: may lead to survival of HRS cells and help them escape cytotoxic T cells What are the symptoms of EBV + HL? EBV: Lumps in neck, underarm and groin; HL: fever, night sweats, weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes Life Cycle of Dracunculiasis Water fleas consume the guinea worm larvae, humans drink water containing infected water fleas, the water fleas are killed by the digestive juices in the human, the worm larvae penetrate the intestinal wall and move into your connective tissue, worms mate and mature, one year later the female worm emerges from a blister on your lower extremities. If the exposed worm is in contact with freshwater it will begin cycle again Dracunculiasis Prevention Methods Parasite control in the humans-extracting the worm, providing wound care; Vector control-kill water fleas or remove water fleas prior to drinking using a filter; Health education-report cases, drinking safe water, using a filter; Providing safe water sources-use of filters and protected water sources Explain 3 ways doctors can test for H. pylori Endoscopy--sends a thin tube with camera down the throat to the stomach. Takes a sample from the lining and send it to the lab for testing; Blood test--can show signs of infection but not if the infection is active or causing symptoms Stool test-testing feces fro proteins that are a sign of bacteria, this will not tell if the infection is active though What are symptoms of H. pylori infection that require immediate attention? trouble swallowing, anemia, and blood in the stool What type of cell does viral hepatitis invade? hepatocyte What are the types of hepatitis? A, B, C, D, E Is smallpox still found in nature? what does this mean about smallpox? No, it is not still found in nature; therefore, smallpox is considered eradicated. Due to a vaccination campaign by WHO, the last natural case was in 1977. Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Is the variola virus used in the vaccine for the smallpox disease? Are vaccines still given? No, it is made from live vaccinia virus which is related to, but milder than smallpox; No Upgrade to remove ads Only $35.99/year Is there a vaccine for Adenoviruses? Who is eligible for it? How does it work? There is only one vaccine manufactured against adenoviruses. Only military is eligible. The vaccine is live, oral and attenuated in the intestinal epithelium. This provides mucosal and intestinal immunity, which is the most common site of entry. Which of the following generas of adenovirus affects mammals and humans? Mastadenovirus What species is HIV thought to originate from? Chimpanzees What country is pediatric HIV most prevalent in today? Sub-saharian Africa What are the two diseases caused by Zika infection? microcephaly, Guillian Barre Syndrome When a woman who has previously contracted the Zika virus becomes pregnant, should she be concerned for fetus? No, after an initial infection, the body develops antibodies that prevent further infection. Future pregnancies are not thought to be affected by previous infection as long as the particles have been cleared before conception What are the two main factors that determine the severity of congenital syphilis? the stage of the mothers infection at conception; the duration of the exposure in utero Select all of the possible symptoms of late stage congenital syphilis Saber shin deformity, Hutchinson's incisors, Saddle nose deformity, deafness Typhoid Mary is a nickname of what kind of carrier? What is the history to the name? nickname for asymptomatic human carriers of typhoid fever. Mary Mallon, an irish immigrant worked as a cook for wealth NY families. She was the first identified healthy carrier of Typhoid What are the two vaccinations available in the US for Typhoid fever? available outside of the US? The two typhoid vaccinations available in the US are Vivotif, a life attenuated vaccine given as an oral capsule. The other is Typhoid shot. The vaccine not available in the US is Typhoid conjugate vaccine--approved in India in 2013