JMJ
Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Cotabato
Cotabato City
Efficacy of Eichhornia crassipes in Processing Wood Veneers for
Structural, Interior and Exterior Applications
A Quantitative Research Manuscript Presented to Notre
Dame of Cotabato Senior High School
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the courses Practical Research II,
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersions and Research Project
Michael John V. Apellado
Aldrich N. Lauban
Nur Jehad B. Monir
Myra P. Panalandang
Donalaine Joy R. Putiz
Zsaira M. Sanlocan
Jebbie A. Uyag
March 2020
,Efficacy of Eichhornia crassipes in Processing Wood Veneers for
Structural, Interior and Exterior Applications
Michael John V. Apellado
Aldrich N. Lauban
Nur Jehad B. Monir
Myra P. Panalandang
Donalaine Joy R. Putiz
Zsaira M. Sanlocan
Jebbie A. Uyag
March 2020
, APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis, entitled “Efficacy of Eichhornia crassipes in Processing Wood Veneers for
Structural, Interior and Exterior Applications”, prepared and submitted by MICHAEL
JOHN V. APELLADO, ALDRICH N. LAUBAN, NUR JEHAD B. MONIR, MYRA P.
PANALANDANG DONALAINE R. PUTIZ, ZSAIRA M. SANLOCAN, and JEBBIE A.
UYAG in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the courses Practical Research II,
Inquiries, Immersion and Investigation, has been examined and is recommended for
acceptance and approval for oral examination.
ROLLY JAMES F. CHENG, MSciEd
Practical Research II Teacher
Approved by the Committee on oral examination on February 19, 2020.
ELISHA ROSE I. ANTIPUESTO CHARMAGNE LORAINE M. ALON
Capstone Teacher Media and Information Literacy Teacher
ANNA MARIE D. PIODENA, MA BEA NICAELA TRICIA WONG
English Teacher Contemporary Arts Teacher
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Practical Research.
ROLLY JAMES F. CHENG, MSciEd ANGELA T. UNDAR, Ed.D.
Practical Research II Teacher Senior High School Coordinator
AGNES E. GANDULFO, MAEd
School Principal
, ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This study would not be possible without the assistance and guidance of the people
who stood behind their back throughout the duration of this research. The researchers
would like to express their gratitude and appreciation to the following:
Mrs. Agnes E. Gandulfo, the school principal, and Dr. Angela T. Undar, senior high
school coordinator, for allowing them conduct their study inside the campus;
Mr. Rolly James F. Cheng, their Practical Research II teacher, for giving them
guidance all throughout the conduct of the investigation and for his effort and never failing
help;
Mrs. Anna Marie Piodena, their adviser and English Teacher, for her valuable
advice and support, and for the help on use of words and style on how to properly make a
research paper;
The subject teachers of the researchers for their moral support and guidance;
The respondents of this study for their active participation in the evaluation of the
research’s products and;
The researchers’ parents who gave financial and moral support and extended their
help for the completion of this study.
, ABSTRACT
Eichhornia crassipes is considered as an unpleasant weed in many parts of the world since
it grows very fast and depletes nutrients and oxygen from water bodies adversely affecting
the growth of both plants and animals. When looked from a resource perspective, it appears
to be a valuable resource with several unique properties (Alphonsa et al, 2017). The study
aimed to utilize water hyacinth and lumber dust in making an alternative production of
plywood that is more cost-effective and environmental friendly. The researchers aimed to
determine the effectiveness of E.crassipes in making useful veneers, and to identify the
significant difference between E.crassipes veneer and commercial plywood in terms of
durability, strength, texture and affordability. Three experimental groups having three
products vary in their duration of air drying and in the proportion of E.crassipes and lumber
dust. The durability, strength, and texture of the E.crassipes were assessed and compared
to commercial plywood through an evaluation by 20 Engineering students. Further, the
affordability test involved the comparison of the expenses incurred in making the
alternative plywood with the price of the commercial plywood. The results showed that
Eichhornia crassipes can be utilize in making useful veneers. It revealed that the treatment
with longer exposure to sunlight of E.crassipes is more effective. The proportion of
E.crassipes and lumber dust does not have a significant effect on the qualities of the veneer.
It was found out that the durability, strength, texture and economic value of commercial
plywood and the Eichhornia crassipes plywood have no significant difference. There is no
significant difference on the quality of veneer between that of E.crassipes and that of the
commercial one (P > 0.05). Therefore, E.crassipes veneer can compete with the qualities
of the commercial plywood.
Keywords: Eichhornia crassipes, Commercial Plywood, Veneer, Effectiveness, Qualities
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………… i
APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………………… ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ………………………………………………… iii
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………….. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………….. v
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………… viii
LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………...... x
CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION
1. Background of the Study …………………………………………... 1
2. Statement of the Problem ………………………………………….. 3
3. Hypothesis …………………………………………………………. 4
4. Significance of the Study ………………………………………….. 4
5. Scope and Limitation ……………………………………………… 5
CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
1. Construction Materials …………………………………………….. 7
1.1. Wood Veneer …………………………………………………. 8
1.2. Plywood ………………………………………………………. 8
2. Environmental Problems ………………………………………….. 9
2.1. Water Pollution ……………………………………………….. 9
2.2. Deforestation ………………………………………………….. 10
3. Eichhornia crassipes ……………………………………………….. 11
, 3.1. Properties of Eichhornia crassipes ……………………………. 12
3.2. Uses of Eichhornia crassipes ………………………………….. 12
4. Related Studies ……………………………………………………... 13
5. Conceptual Framework …………………………………………….. 15
6. Definition of Terms ………………………………………………… 16
CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY
1. Materials and Equipment …………………………………………... 17
2. Procedure ………………………………………………………….. 17
2.1. Preparation of stems and roots of E. crassipes ……………….. 17
2.2. Mixing process of the mixture ………………………………... 18
2.3. Final process of the making of E. crassipes veneer …………... 18
2.4. Treatment of the Veneers ……………………………………... 18
2.5. Assessment of E. crassipes veneer …………………………… 19
3. Statistical Treatment ………………………………………………. 20
CHAPTER IV – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. Difference between Commercial Plywood and E.crassipes veneer …. 21
1.1. Durability ……………………………………………………. 21
1.2. Strength ………………………………………………………. 23
1.3. Texture ………………………………………………………. 26
1.4. Affordability/ Economic Value ……………………………… 28
2. Effectiveness of Eichhornia crassipes in making Veneer ………... 30
3. Factors affecting quality of E.crassipes veneer …………………… 31
3.1. By Exposure to Sun …………………………………………. 31
, 3.2. By Proportion of E.crassipes to Lumber Dust ………………. 33
4. Significant Difference on the Quality of E.crassipes Veneers and
35
Commercial Plywood ………………………………………………
CHAPTER V – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Conclusions ………………………………………………………... 38
2. Recommendations …………………………………………………. 39
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………... 40
APPENDIX A – Letter to the Principal ……………………………………. 45
B – Pictorials …………………………………………………. 46
C – Evaluation Form …………………………………………. 49
CURRICULUM VITAE …………………………………………………… 50
TEXT DOCUMENT READABILTY ……………………………………... 57
, LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page
1 Different Treatment of the Veneers 19
2 Scale of Descriptive Equivalent of Scores 20
3 Numerical Presentation and Description of Data (Durability) 21
4 Commercial Plywood vs. Veneers in terms of Durability 23
(ANOVA)
5 Numerical Presentation and Description of Data (Strength) 24
6 Commercial Plywood vs. Veneers in terms of Strength (ANOVA) 25
7 Numerical Presentation and Description of Data (Texture) 26
8 Commercial Plywood vs. Veneers in terms of Texture (ANOVA) 27
9 Total expenses in the making of E.crassipes veneer 28
10 Commercial Plywood vs. E.crassipes Veneer (Affordability) 29
11 Effectiveness of Eichhornia crassipes in making Veneer 30
12 Numerical Presentation of Qualities of Veneer Affected by
Duration of Sun Exposure 32
13 Three Hours vs. Twelve Hours vs. Twenty-four Hours of Sun
Exposure (ANOVA) 33
14 Numerical Presentation of Qualities of Veneer Affected by
Proportion of the Materials 34
15 Qualities of E.crassipes Veneer in Different Proportions
(ANOVA) 35
Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Cotabato
Cotabato City
Efficacy of Eichhornia crassipes in Processing Wood Veneers for
Structural, Interior and Exterior Applications
A Quantitative Research Manuscript Presented to Notre
Dame of Cotabato Senior High School
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the courses Practical Research II,
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersions and Research Project
Michael John V. Apellado
Aldrich N. Lauban
Nur Jehad B. Monir
Myra P. Panalandang
Donalaine Joy R. Putiz
Zsaira M. Sanlocan
Jebbie A. Uyag
March 2020
,Efficacy of Eichhornia crassipes in Processing Wood Veneers for
Structural, Interior and Exterior Applications
Michael John V. Apellado
Aldrich N. Lauban
Nur Jehad B. Monir
Myra P. Panalandang
Donalaine Joy R. Putiz
Zsaira M. Sanlocan
Jebbie A. Uyag
March 2020
, APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis, entitled “Efficacy of Eichhornia crassipes in Processing Wood Veneers for
Structural, Interior and Exterior Applications”, prepared and submitted by MICHAEL
JOHN V. APELLADO, ALDRICH N. LAUBAN, NUR JEHAD B. MONIR, MYRA P.
PANALANDANG DONALAINE R. PUTIZ, ZSAIRA M. SANLOCAN, and JEBBIE A.
UYAG in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the courses Practical Research II,
Inquiries, Immersion and Investigation, has been examined and is recommended for
acceptance and approval for oral examination.
ROLLY JAMES F. CHENG, MSciEd
Practical Research II Teacher
Approved by the Committee on oral examination on February 19, 2020.
ELISHA ROSE I. ANTIPUESTO CHARMAGNE LORAINE M. ALON
Capstone Teacher Media and Information Literacy Teacher
ANNA MARIE D. PIODENA, MA BEA NICAELA TRICIA WONG
English Teacher Contemporary Arts Teacher
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Practical Research.
ROLLY JAMES F. CHENG, MSciEd ANGELA T. UNDAR, Ed.D.
Practical Research II Teacher Senior High School Coordinator
AGNES E. GANDULFO, MAEd
School Principal
, ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This study would not be possible without the assistance and guidance of the people
who stood behind their back throughout the duration of this research. The researchers
would like to express their gratitude and appreciation to the following:
Mrs. Agnes E. Gandulfo, the school principal, and Dr. Angela T. Undar, senior high
school coordinator, for allowing them conduct their study inside the campus;
Mr. Rolly James F. Cheng, their Practical Research II teacher, for giving them
guidance all throughout the conduct of the investigation and for his effort and never failing
help;
Mrs. Anna Marie Piodena, their adviser and English Teacher, for her valuable
advice and support, and for the help on use of words and style on how to properly make a
research paper;
The subject teachers of the researchers for their moral support and guidance;
The respondents of this study for their active participation in the evaluation of the
research’s products and;
The researchers’ parents who gave financial and moral support and extended their
help for the completion of this study.
, ABSTRACT
Eichhornia crassipes is considered as an unpleasant weed in many parts of the world since
it grows very fast and depletes nutrients and oxygen from water bodies adversely affecting
the growth of both plants and animals. When looked from a resource perspective, it appears
to be a valuable resource with several unique properties (Alphonsa et al, 2017). The study
aimed to utilize water hyacinth and lumber dust in making an alternative production of
plywood that is more cost-effective and environmental friendly. The researchers aimed to
determine the effectiveness of E.crassipes in making useful veneers, and to identify the
significant difference between E.crassipes veneer and commercial plywood in terms of
durability, strength, texture and affordability. Three experimental groups having three
products vary in their duration of air drying and in the proportion of E.crassipes and lumber
dust. The durability, strength, and texture of the E.crassipes were assessed and compared
to commercial plywood through an evaluation by 20 Engineering students. Further, the
affordability test involved the comparison of the expenses incurred in making the
alternative plywood with the price of the commercial plywood. The results showed that
Eichhornia crassipes can be utilize in making useful veneers. It revealed that the treatment
with longer exposure to sunlight of E.crassipes is more effective. The proportion of
E.crassipes and lumber dust does not have a significant effect on the qualities of the veneer.
It was found out that the durability, strength, texture and economic value of commercial
plywood and the Eichhornia crassipes plywood have no significant difference. There is no
significant difference on the quality of veneer between that of E.crassipes and that of the
commercial one (P > 0.05). Therefore, E.crassipes veneer can compete with the qualities
of the commercial plywood.
Keywords: Eichhornia crassipes, Commercial Plywood, Veneer, Effectiveness, Qualities
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………… i
APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………………… ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ………………………………………………… iii
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………….. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………….. v
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………… viii
LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………...... x
CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION
1. Background of the Study …………………………………………... 1
2. Statement of the Problem ………………………………………….. 3
3. Hypothesis …………………………………………………………. 4
4. Significance of the Study ………………………………………….. 4
5. Scope and Limitation ……………………………………………… 5
CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
1. Construction Materials …………………………………………….. 7
1.1. Wood Veneer …………………………………………………. 8
1.2. Plywood ………………………………………………………. 8
2. Environmental Problems ………………………………………….. 9
2.1. Water Pollution ……………………………………………….. 9
2.2. Deforestation ………………………………………………….. 10
3. Eichhornia crassipes ……………………………………………….. 11
, 3.1. Properties of Eichhornia crassipes ……………………………. 12
3.2. Uses of Eichhornia crassipes ………………………………….. 12
4. Related Studies ……………………………………………………... 13
5. Conceptual Framework …………………………………………….. 15
6. Definition of Terms ………………………………………………… 16
CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY
1. Materials and Equipment …………………………………………... 17
2. Procedure ………………………………………………………….. 17
2.1. Preparation of stems and roots of E. crassipes ……………….. 17
2.2. Mixing process of the mixture ………………………………... 18
2.3. Final process of the making of E. crassipes veneer …………... 18
2.4. Treatment of the Veneers ……………………………………... 18
2.5. Assessment of E. crassipes veneer …………………………… 19
3. Statistical Treatment ………………………………………………. 20
CHAPTER IV – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. Difference between Commercial Plywood and E.crassipes veneer …. 21
1.1. Durability ……………………………………………………. 21
1.2. Strength ………………………………………………………. 23
1.3. Texture ………………………………………………………. 26
1.4. Affordability/ Economic Value ……………………………… 28
2. Effectiveness of Eichhornia crassipes in making Veneer ………... 30
3. Factors affecting quality of E.crassipes veneer …………………… 31
3.1. By Exposure to Sun …………………………………………. 31
, 3.2. By Proportion of E.crassipes to Lumber Dust ………………. 33
4. Significant Difference on the Quality of E.crassipes Veneers and
35
Commercial Plywood ………………………………………………
CHAPTER V – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Conclusions ………………………………………………………... 38
2. Recommendations …………………………………………………. 39
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………... 40
APPENDIX A – Letter to the Principal ……………………………………. 45
B – Pictorials …………………………………………………. 46
C – Evaluation Form …………………………………………. 49
CURRICULUM VITAE …………………………………………………… 50
TEXT DOCUMENT READABILTY ……………………………………... 57
, LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page
1 Different Treatment of the Veneers 19
2 Scale of Descriptive Equivalent of Scores 20
3 Numerical Presentation and Description of Data (Durability) 21
4 Commercial Plywood vs. Veneers in terms of Durability 23
(ANOVA)
5 Numerical Presentation and Description of Data (Strength) 24
6 Commercial Plywood vs. Veneers in terms of Strength (ANOVA) 25
7 Numerical Presentation and Description of Data (Texture) 26
8 Commercial Plywood vs. Veneers in terms of Texture (ANOVA) 27
9 Total expenses in the making of E.crassipes veneer 28
10 Commercial Plywood vs. E.crassipes Veneer (Affordability) 29
11 Effectiveness of Eichhornia crassipes in making Veneer 30
12 Numerical Presentation of Qualities of Veneer Affected by
Duration of Sun Exposure 32
13 Three Hours vs. Twelve Hours vs. Twenty-four Hours of Sun
Exposure (ANOVA) 33
14 Numerical Presentation of Qualities of Veneer Affected by
Proportion of the Materials 34
15 Qualities of E.crassipes Veneer in Different Proportions
(ANOVA) 35
