NUR-2180 QUIZ 2

NUR-2180 QUIZ 2 Lordosis - abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition) Kyphosis - excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing the hunching of the back. Scoliosis - abnormal lateral curvature of the spine Active ROM - Is movement initiated and completed by the patient without assistance Passive ROM - Range of Motion in which the resident is unable to assist with movement Muscle strength testing - The determination of the amount of force that a muscle can exert against resistance. What are the three layers of the skin? - epidermis, dermis, hypodermis clubbing of nails - deformity of fingers and fingernails associated with underlying medical conditions or diseases that cause the finger tissue to increase and nails to curve downward occurs with congenital cyanotic heart disease, lung cancer, and pulmonary diseases. Lesion danger signs - A-asymmetry B-border irregularity, poorly defined margins C-color variation D-diameter 6mm (size of pencil eraser) E-elevation/evolution F-funny looking Psoriasis - chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales Edema - puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid pitting edema - edema that retains an imprint when touched nonpitting edema - edema that does not indent from pressure Pitting edema grading scale - ◦1+ mild, slight indentation ◦2+ moderate, indentation subsides rapidly ◦3+ deep indentation remains for a short time, looks swollen ◦4+ very deep, indentation lasts a long time, grossly swollen and distorted, may be weeping Decubitus ulcers - Sores caused by the pressure of skin against a surface for long periods Stages of decubitus ulcers - - 1: redness, edema, superficial epidermis and dermis involved - 2: redness, edema, blistering and hardening of tissue, skin open and inflamm. extends to fat layer w/superficial necrosis in advanced stage 2 - 3: full thickness skin lesion extending down to muscle, the ulcer margin is thickened - 4: ulcer extends to bone and incl. bone destruction primary skin lesions - initial reaction to pathologically altered tissue and may be flat or elevated secondary skin lesions - changes that take place in the primary lesion due to infection, scratching, trauma, or various stages of a disease Ezcema - vesicle - scaly groups of inflamed skin that is in groups and is scaly and VERY ITCHY