Chapter 51, Caring for Clients With Diabetes Mellitus.
1.A client with type 2 diabetes asks the nurse why he can't have a pancreatic transplant.
Which of the following would the nurse include as a possible reason?
A) Increased risk for urologic complications
B) Need for exocrine enzymatic drainage
C) Underlying problem of insulin resistance
D) Need for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy
Ans: C
Feedback:
Clients with type 2 diabetes are not offered the option of a pancreas transplant because
their problem is insulin resistance, which does not improve with a transplant. Urologic
complications or the need for exocrine enzymatic drainage are not reasons for not
offering pancreas transplant to clients with type 2 diabetes. Any transplant requires
lifelong immunosuppressive drug therapy and is not the factor.
2.The nurse is providing information about foot care to a client with diabetes. Which of the
following would the nurse include?
A) “Wash your feet in hot water every day.”
B) “Use a razor to remove corns or calluses.”
C) “Be sure to apply a moisturizer to feet daily.”
D) “Wear well-fitting comfortable rubber
shoes.” Ans: C
Feedback:
The nurse should advise the client to apply a moisturizer to the feet daily. The client
should use warm water, not hot water, to bathe his feet. Razors to remove corns or
calluses must be avoided to prevent injury and infection. The client should wear well-
fitting comfortable shoes, avoiding shoes made of rubber, plastic, or vinyl, which would
cause the feet to perspire.
3.A male client, aged 42 years, is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. He visits the gym
regularly and is a vegetarian. Which of the following factors is important when assessing
the client?
A) The client's consumption of carbohydrates
B) History of radiographic contrast studies that used iodine
C) The client's mental and emotional status
D) The client's exercise routine
Ans: A
Feedback:
While assessing a client, it is important to note the client's consumption of carbohydrates
because he has high blood sugar. Although other factors such as the client's mental and
emotional status, history of tests involving iodine, and exercise routine can be part of data
collection, they are not as important to information related to the client's to be noted in a
client with high blood sugar.
Page 1
, Chapter 51, Caring for Clients With Diabetes Mellitus.
4. The nurse is teaching an older client how to self-administer insulin. Which of the
following would be most helpful to the client who is having difficulty drawing up
the correct dosage of insulin in the syringe?
A) Syringe magnifier
B) Insulin pen
C) Jet injector
D) Insulin pump
Ans: A
Feedback:
A magnifier that fits over the syringe may be used for clients who experience difficulty in
preparing insulin for injection, especially older clients. The device is easy to use and
relatively inexpensive. An insulin pen, although preloaded, requires the client to select
the number of units for injection by dialing in the dose, which may be difficult for the
older client to manipulate or see. A jet injector may be helpful, but this device is often
expensive; the older client may not be able to afford it. An insulin pump, although
advantageous, requires frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels, which may or may
be appropriate for the older client.
5. The nurse is describing the action of insulin in the body to a client newly diagnosed with
type 1 diabetes. Which of the following would the nurse explain as being the primary
action?
A) It carries glucose into body cells.
B) It aids in the process of gluconeogenesis.
C) It stimulates the pancreatic beta cells.
D) It decreases the intestinal absorption of glucose.
Ans: A
Feedback:
Insulin carries glucose into body cells as their preferred source of energy.
Besides, it promotes the liver's storage of glucose as glycogen and inhibits the breakdown
of glycogen back into glucose. Insulin does not aid in gluconeogenesis but inhibits the
breakdown of glycogen back into glucose. Insulin does not have an effect on the
intestinal absorption of glucose.
6. The nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of adults at a local community center
about diabetes. Which of the following would the nurse include as associated with type
2 diabetes?
A) Onset most common during adolescence
B) Insufficient insulin production
C) Less common than type 1 diabetes
D) Little relation to prediabetes
Ans: B
Feedback:
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. It
is more common in aging adults and now accounts for 20% of all newly diagnosed cases.
Page 2
1.A client with type 2 diabetes asks the nurse why he can't have a pancreatic transplant.
Which of the following would the nurse include as a possible reason?
A) Increased risk for urologic complications
B) Need for exocrine enzymatic drainage
C) Underlying problem of insulin resistance
D) Need for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy
Ans: C
Feedback:
Clients with type 2 diabetes are not offered the option of a pancreas transplant because
their problem is insulin resistance, which does not improve with a transplant. Urologic
complications or the need for exocrine enzymatic drainage are not reasons for not
offering pancreas transplant to clients with type 2 diabetes. Any transplant requires
lifelong immunosuppressive drug therapy and is not the factor.
2.The nurse is providing information about foot care to a client with diabetes. Which of the
following would the nurse include?
A) “Wash your feet in hot water every day.”
B) “Use a razor to remove corns or calluses.”
C) “Be sure to apply a moisturizer to feet daily.”
D) “Wear well-fitting comfortable rubber
shoes.” Ans: C
Feedback:
The nurse should advise the client to apply a moisturizer to the feet daily. The client
should use warm water, not hot water, to bathe his feet. Razors to remove corns or
calluses must be avoided to prevent injury and infection. The client should wear well-
fitting comfortable shoes, avoiding shoes made of rubber, plastic, or vinyl, which would
cause the feet to perspire.
3.A male client, aged 42 years, is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. He visits the gym
regularly and is a vegetarian. Which of the following factors is important when assessing
the client?
A) The client's consumption of carbohydrates
B) History of radiographic contrast studies that used iodine
C) The client's mental and emotional status
D) The client's exercise routine
Ans: A
Feedback:
While assessing a client, it is important to note the client's consumption of carbohydrates
because he has high blood sugar. Although other factors such as the client's mental and
emotional status, history of tests involving iodine, and exercise routine can be part of data
collection, they are not as important to information related to the client's to be noted in a
client with high blood sugar.
Page 1
, Chapter 51, Caring for Clients With Diabetes Mellitus.
4. The nurse is teaching an older client how to self-administer insulin. Which of the
following would be most helpful to the client who is having difficulty drawing up
the correct dosage of insulin in the syringe?
A) Syringe magnifier
B) Insulin pen
C) Jet injector
D) Insulin pump
Ans: A
Feedback:
A magnifier that fits over the syringe may be used for clients who experience difficulty in
preparing insulin for injection, especially older clients. The device is easy to use and
relatively inexpensive. An insulin pen, although preloaded, requires the client to select
the number of units for injection by dialing in the dose, which may be difficult for the
older client to manipulate or see. A jet injector may be helpful, but this device is often
expensive; the older client may not be able to afford it. An insulin pump, although
advantageous, requires frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels, which may or may
be appropriate for the older client.
5. The nurse is describing the action of insulin in the body to a client newly diagnosed with
type 1 diabetes. Which of the following would the nurse explain as being the primary
action?
A) It carries glucose into body cells.
B) It aids in the process of gluconeogenesis.
C) It stimulates the pancreatic beta cells.
D) It decreases the intestinal absorption of glucose.
Ans: A
Feedback:
Insulin carries glucose into body cells as their preferred source of energy.
Besides, it promotes the liver's storage of glucose as glycogen and inhibits the breakdown
of glycogen back into glucose. Insulin does not aid in gluconeogenesis but inhibits the
breakdown of glycogen back into glucose. Insulin does not have an effect on the
intestinal absorption of glucose.
6. The nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of adults at a local community center
about diabetes. Which of the following would the nurse include as associated with type
2 diabetes?
A) Onset most common during adolescence
B) Insufficient insulin production
C) Less common than type 1 diabetes
D) Little relation to prediabetes
Ans: B
Feedback:
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. It
is more common in aging adults and now accounts for 20% of all newly diagnosed cases.
Page 2
