BCAT 2021/2022 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Autism Correct Answer: Problems w/social communication/interactions, Presence of
restrictive/repetitive behavior patterns
Varies in each person
DSM 5 criteria for ASD Correct Answer: Problems w/social communication/interactions,
Restrictive/repetitive behaviors
Hyper/hypo sensory stimulation
Issues w/motor skills/adaptive tasks
Pervasive skill deficits (Tantrums, aggression, non-compliance, eloping, protest behaviors)
EIBI (early intensive behavioral intervention) Correct Answer: Treatment Should:
begin early
intensive
based on ABA
individualized
transition to natural environment
comprehensive
Active parent/caregiver involvement
In the U.S., what is the ratio of people with autism compared to those who don't? Correct Answer: 1 in
68 in the U.S.
Are boys or girls more affected by autism? Correct Answer: Boys
What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) ? Correct Answer: applying the "Principles of behavior"
systematically to improve social behavior, and identify variables responsible for behavior change
What is the Core principle of ABA? Correct Answer: Desirable consequences will increase whereas
undesirable consequences will decrease behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of Positive reinforcement? Correct Answer: ADD pleasant
stimulus to INCREASE/maintain behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of Negative reinforcement? Correct Answer: Remove aversive
stimulus to INCREASE/maintain behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of Positive punishment? Correct Answer: ADD aversive stimulus
to Decrease behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of negative punishment? Correct Answer: Remove stimulus to
decrease behavior
What do we need to know for ABA? Correct Answer: General info abt client
Current levels of skills
Behavioral challenges
,Client/family priorities
Previous treatment history
Client Preferences
What do you need to do before starting ABA program? Correct Answer: Individualized assessment
Individualized assessment procedures Correct Answer: Direct/indirect assessment
Direct assessment Correct Answer: observing the learner/gathering data on the actual behavior that's
occurring
indirect assessment Correct Answer: gathering info through interviews, questionnaires, record reviews
What is an unconditioned (primary) reinforcer? Correct Answer: INNATELY reinforcing stimulus;
unlearned; fulfills basic needs
What is a conditioned (secondary) reinforcer? Correct Answer: Learned reinforcer; neutral stimulus
gained reinforcing properties by being paired with something
Behavior Correct Answer: anything a person says or does
Stimulus Correct Answer: any physical object/event that an individual can see, hear, smell, touch taste
What is 3-term contingency? Correct Answer: Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence
Antecedent Correct Answer: what happens prior to the behavior
Behavior(response) Correct Answer: what occurs after the antecedent
consequence Correct Answer: what happens immediately following the behavior
What is key in ABA? Correct Answer: Consistency (b/c w/o it, behaviors don't change)
Individualization
What is the difference between extinction burst and spontaneous recovery? Correct Answer:
What is Stimulus Discrimination Training? Correct Answer: SDT is reinforcing the correct/desired
response AND putting the incorrect re. on extinction
What does Discrete Trial Training consist of? Correct Answer: Break down skills into smaller teachable
parts
Teach each skill component until mastery
Intensive teaching sessions
Use of and fading of prompts when necessary
Increase skills through reinforcement strategies
Instructor-lead
, In the 3-term contingency, what makes a good Antecedent? Correct Answer: Performed by instructor
clear, concise, consistent
In the 3-term contingency, describe "Behavior". Correct Answer: Can either be correct or incorrect
In the 3-term contingency, what does the "Consequence" consist of? Correct Answer: the Consequence
involves either the reinforcement or correction of the behavior
Discrete Trial Training (DTT) Correct Answer: structural behavioral teaching method consisting of
clear/direct presentation of learning trials to promote skill acquisition
systematic presentation of 3-term contingency(ABC) to teach new skills
repeated presentation of an antecedent
Characteristics of DTT Correct Answer: clear/concise beginning and end
Adult directed
consistent /predictable learning sequence
multiple learning opportunities
ex of DTT Correct Answer: Antecedent(SD): what is it?
B: Pants
C: Very good! gets book
Natural Environment Training (NET). Correct Answer: instruction is embedded into the natural
environment
Learner directed
Inter-trial interval refers to? Correct Answer: The time between the end of one trial and the beginning
of the next
What is key in Fluency-Based Training? Correct Answer: focus on speed/accuracy
goal: increase rate of responding
Advantages of Fluency-based training Correct Answer: facilitates effective use of skills in natural settings
Give two examples of Fluency-based training. Correct Answer: SAFMEDS (Say all fast minute each day
shuffle)
Tacts
What are several ways to conduct a Preference Assessment? Correct Answer: Ask the person what they
prefer
Ask the caregivers what the person prefers
Watch them during leisure time
Trial-based preference assessments
Autism Correct Answer: Problems w/social communication/interactions, Presence of
restrictive/repetitive behavior patterns
Varies in each person
DSM 5 criteria for ASD Correct Answer: Problems w/social communication/interactions,
Restrictive/repetitive behaviors
Hyper/hypo sensory stimulation
Issues w/motor skills/adaptive tasks
Pervasive skill deficits (Tantrums, aggression, non-compliance, eloping, protest behaviors)
EIBI (early intensive behavioral intervention) Correct Answer: Treatment Should:
begin early
intensive
based on ABA
individualized
transition to natural environment
comprehensive
Active parent/caregiver involvement
In the U.S., what is the ratio of people with autism compared to those who don't? Correct Answer: 1 in
68 in the U.S.
Are boys or girls more affected by autism? Correct Answer: Boys
What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) ? Correct Answer: applying the "Principles of behavior"
systematically to improve social behavior, and identify variables responsible for behavior change
What is the Core principle of ABA? Correct Answer: Desirable consequences will increase whereas
undesirable consequences will decrease behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of Positive reinforcement? Correct Answer: ADD pleasant
stimulus to INCREASE/maintain behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of Negative reinforcement? Correct Answer: Remove aversive
stimulus to INCREASE/maintain behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of Positive punishment? Correct Answer: ADD aversive stimulus
to Decrease behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of negative punishment? Correct Answer: Remove stimulus to
decrease behavior
What do we need to know for ABA? Correct Answer: General info abt client
Current levels of skills
Behavioral challenges
,Client/family priorities
Previous treatment history
Client Preferences
What do you need to do before starting ABA program? Correct Answer: Individualized assessment
Individualized assessment procedures Correct Answer: Direct/indirect assessment
Direct assessment Correct Answer: observing the learner/gathering data on the actual behavior that's
occurring
indirect assessment Correct Answer: gathering info through interviews, questionnaires, record reviews
What is an unconditioned (primary) reinforcer? Correct Answer: INNATELY reinforcing stimulus;
unlearned; fulfills basic needs
What is a conditioned (secondary) reinforcer? Correct Answer: Learned reinforcer; neutral stimulus
gained reinforcing properties by being paired with something
Behavior Correct Answer: anything a person says or does
Stimulus Correct Answer: any physical object/event that an individual can see, hear, smell, touch taste
What is 3-term contingency? Correct Answer: Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence
Antecedent Correct Answer: what happens prior to the behavior
Behavior(response) Correct Answer: what occurs after the antecedent
consequence Correct Answer: what happens immediately following the behavior
What is key in ABA? Correct Answer: Consistency (b/c w/o it, behaviors don't change)
Individualization
What is the difference between extinction burst and spontaneous recovery? Correct Answer:
What is Stimulus Discrimination Training? Correct Answer: SDT is reinforcing the correct/desired
response AND putting the incorrect re. on extinction
What does Discrete Trial Training consist of? Correct Answer: Break down skills into smaller teachable
parts
Teach each skill component until mastery
Intensive teaching sessions
Use of and fading of prompts when necessary
Increase skills through reinforcement strategies
Instructor-lead
, In the 3-term contingency, what makes a good Antecedent? Correct Answer: Performed by instructor
clear, concise, consistent
In the 3-term contingency, describe "Behavior". Correct Answer: Can either be correct or incorrect
In the 3-term contingency, what does the "Consequence" consist of? Correct Answer: the Consequence
involves either the reinforcement or correction of the behavior
Discrete Trial Training (DTT) Correct Answer: structural behavioral teaching method consisting of
clear/direct presentation of learning trials to promote skill acquisition
systematic presentation of 3-term contingency(ABC) to teach new skills
repeated presentation of an antecedent
Characteristics of DTT Correct Answer: clear/concise beginning and end
Adult directed
consistent /predictable learning sequence
multiple learning opportunities
ex of DTT Correct Answer: Antecedent(SD): what is it?
B: Pants
C: Very good! gets book
Natural Environment Training (NET). Correct Answer: instruction is embedded into the natural
environment
Learner directed
Inter-trial interval refers to? Correct Answer: The time between the end of one trial and the beginning
of the next
What is key in Fluency-Based Training? Correct Answer: focus on speed/accuracy
goal: increase rate of responding
Advantages of Fluency-based training Correct Answer: facilitates effective use of skills in natural settings
Give two examples of Fluency-based training. Correct Answer: SAFMEDS (Say all fast minute each day
shuffle)
Tacts
What are several ways to conduct a Preference Assessment? Correct Answer: Ask the person what they
prefer
Ask the caregivers what the person prefers
Watch them during leisure time
Trial-based preference assessments
