Maryville University Nurs 612 AHA Final Comprehensive Exam
Acute glomerulonephritis Correct Answer: inflammation of the capillary loops of the renal glomeruli
Ascites Correct Answer: accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Cholecystitis Correct Answer: inflammatory process of the gallbladder most commonly due to
obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis, which may be either acute or chronic
Cholelithiasis Correct Answer: stone formation in the gallbladder occurs when cirain substances reach a
high concentration in bile and produce crystals
Cirrhosis Correct Answer: diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal liver
architecture into structurally abnormal nodules
Irritable bowel syndrome Correct Answer: disorder of intestinal mobility
Duodenal ulcer Correct Answer: chronic circumscribed break in the duodenal mucosa that scars with
healing
Lipase Correct Answer: enzyme that acts on emulsified fats
Peristalsis Correct Answer: muscular contractions that move products of digestion through the
alimentary canal
Peritoneum Correct Answer: serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma Correct Answer: frequently arises in the setting of cirrhosis,
approximately 20 to 30 years after liver injury or disease onset
Pylonephritis Correct Answer: infection of the kidney and renal pelvis
Pyloric stenosis Correct Answer: hypertrophy of the circular muscle of the pylorus leads to obstruction
of the pyloric sphincter
Pylorus Correct Answer: distal section of the stomach
Reflux Correct Answer: backflow caused by relaxation or incompetence of lower esophagus
Renal abscess Correct Answer: localized infection within the medulla or cortex of the kidney
Renal calculi Correct Answer: stones formed in the pelvis of the kidney from a physiochemical process
associated with obstruction and infections in the urinary tract
Resonance Correct Answer: sound obtained on percussing a part that can vibrate freely
,Tympany Correct Answer: low-pitched, resonant, drumlike note obtained by percussing the surface of a
large, air containing space
Volvulus Correct Answer: twisting of the intestine resulting in an obstruction
Abduction Correct Answer: movement of the extremities away from the body
Adduction Correct Answer: movement of the extremities toward the body
Bursitis Correct Answer: inflammation of the bursa
Carpel tunnel syndrome Correct Answer: compression on the median nerve
Crepitus Correct Answer: crackling sound is heard in the patient's joint with movement
Dislocation Correct Answer: complete separation of the contact between two bones in a joint
Eversion Correct Answer: movement of the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Goniometer Correct Answer: calibrated device designed to measure the arc or range of motion of a
joint
Gower Correct Answer: sign in children indicating generalized muscle weakness
Hallux valgus Correct Answer: lateral deviation of the great toe with overlapping of the second toe
Inversion Correct Answer: movement of the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Kyphosis Correct Answer: outward curvature of the thoracic spine
Lordosis Correct Answer: concave curvature of the lumbar spine
Lumbar stenosis Correct Answer: caused by hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum and facet joints that
results in narrowing of the spinal canal
Lumbosacral radiculopathy Correct Answer: herniation of a lumbar disc that irritates the corresponding
nerve root
Mallet toe Correct Answer: flexion deformity at the distal interphalangeal joint of the foot
Metatarsus adductus Correct Answer: most common congenital foot deformity; can be either fixed or
flexible
Osteoarthritis Correct Answer: deterioration of the articular cartilage covering the ends of bone in
synovial joints
Osteomyelitis Correct Answer: infection in the bone
, Osteoporosis Correct Answer: decrease in bone mass occurs because bone resorption is more rapid
than bone deposition
Pes cavus Correct Answer: high arch on the sole of the foot
Pes planus Correct Answer: "flat foot"
Polydactyly Correct Answer: presence of more than five digits on hand or foot
Pronation Correct Answer: rotation of the arm so that the palm faces down
Radial head subluxation Correct Answer: dislocation injury of the elbow
Rheumatoid arthritis Correct Answer: chronic systemic inflammatory disorder of the synovial tissue
surrounding the joints
Scoliosis Correct Answer: physical deformity of the spine
Supination Correct Answer: position of the forearm when the palm faces upward
Syndactyly Correct Answer: congenital fusion of digits
Tenosynovitis Correct Answer: inflammation of the synovium-lined sheath around a tendon
Ataxia Correct Answer: inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movement
Brudzinski Correct Answer: sign characterized by involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when the
neck is flexed
Cerebellum Correct Answer: works with the motor cortex of the cerebrum; involved in voluntary
movement; processes information from eyes, ears, and touch
Encephalitis Correct Answer: acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord involving the meninges;
often due to a virus such as herpes simplex virus
Frontal lobe Correct Answer: contains the motor cortex; associated with voluntary skeletal movement
Graphesthesia Correct Answer: tactual ability to recognize writing on the skin
Kernig sign Correct Answer: attempt to straighten a leg of a supine patient after flexing the leg at the
knee and hip
Meningitis Correct Answer: inflammatory process in the meninges, the membrane around the brain and
spinal cord
Normal pressure hydrocephalus Correct Answer: syndrome simulating degenerative disease that is
caused by noncommunicating hydrocephalus
Acute glomerulonephritis Correct Answer: inflammation of the capillary loops of the renal glomeruli
Ascites Correct Answer: accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Cholecystitis Correct Answer: inflammatory process of the gallbladder most commonly due to
obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis, which may be either acute or chronic
Cholelithiasis Correct Answer: stone formation in the gallbladder occurs when cirain substances reach a
high concentration in bile and produce crystals
Cirrhosis Correct Answer: diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal liver
architecture into structurally abnormal nodules
Irritable bowel syndrome Correct Answer: disorder of intestinal mobility
Duodenal ulcer Correct Answer: chronic circumscribed break in the duodenal mucosa that scars with
healing
Lipase Correct Answer: enzyme that acts on emulsified fats
Peristalsis Correct Answer: muscular contractions that move products of digestion through the
alimentary canal
Peritoneum Correct Answer: serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma Correct Answer: frequently arises in the setting of cirrhosis,
approximately 20 to 30 years after liver injury or disease onset
Pylonephritis Correct Answer: infection of the kidney and renal pelvis
Pyloric stenosis Correct Answer: hypertrophy of the circular muscle of the pylorus leads to obstruction
of the pyloric sphincter
Pylorus Correct Answer: distal section of the stomach
Reflux Correct Answer: backflow caused by relaxation or incompetence of lower esophagus
Renal abscess Correct Answer: localized infection within the medulla or cortex of the kidney
Renal calculi Correct Answer: stones formed in the pelvis of the kidney from a physiochemical process
associated with obstruction and infections in the urinary tract
Resonance Correct Answer: sound obtained on percussing a part that can vibrate freely
,Tympany Correct Answer: low-pitched, resonant, drumlike note obtained by percussing the surface of a
large, air containing space
Volvulus Correct Answer: twisting of the intestine resulting in an obstruction
Abduction Correct Answer: movement of the extremities away from the body
Adduction Correct Answer: movement of the extremities toward the body
Bursitis Correct Answer: inflammation of the bursa
Carpel tunnel syndrome Correct Answer: compression on the median nerve
Crepitus Correct Answer: crackling sound is heard in the patient's joint with movement
Dislocation Correct Answer: complete separation of the contact between two bones in a joint
Eversion Correct Answer: movement of the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Goniometer Correct Answer: calibrated device designed to measure the arc or range of motion of a
joint
Gower Correct Answer: sign in children indicating generalized muscle weakness
Hallux valgus Correct Answer: lateral deviation of the great toe with overlapping of the second toe
Inversion Correct Answer: movement of the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Kyphosis Correct Answer: outward curvature of the thoracic spine
Lordosis Correct Answer: concave curvature of the lumbar spine
Lumbar stenosis Correct Answer: caused by hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum and facet joints that
results in narrowing of the spinal canal
Lumbosacral radiculopathy Correct Answer: herniation of a lumbar disc that irritates the corresponding
nerve root
Mallet toe Correct Answer: flexion deformity at the distal interphalangeal joint of the foot
Metatarsus adductus Correct Answer: most common congenital foot deformity; can be either fixed or
flexible
Osteoarthritis Correct Answer: deterioration of the articular cartilage covering the ends of bone in
synovial joints
Osteomyelitis Correct Answer: infection in the bone
, Osteoporosis Correct Answer: decrease in bone mass occurs because bone resorption is more rapid
than bone deposition
Pes cavus Correct Answer: high arch on the sole of the foot
Pes planus Correct Answer: "flat foot"
Polydactyly Correct Answer: presence of more than five digits on hand or foot
Pronation Correct Answer: rotation of the arm so that the palm faces down
Radial head subluxation Correct Answer: dislocation injury of the elbow
Rheumatoid arthritis Correct Answer: chronic systemic inflammatory disorder of the synovial tissue
surrounding the joints
Scoliosis Correct Answer: physical deformity of the spine
Supination Correct Answer: position of the forearm when the palm faces upward
Syndactyly Correct Answer: congenital fusion of digits
Tenosynovitis Correct Answer: inflammation of the synovium-lined sheath around a tendon
Ataxia Correct Answer: inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movement
Brudzinski Correct Answer: sign characterized by involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when the
neck is flexed
Cerebellum Correct Answer: works with the motor cortex of the cerebrum; involved in voluntary
movement; processes information from eyes, ears, and touch
Encephalitis Correct Answer: acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord involving the meninges;
often due to a virus such as herpes simplex virus
Frontal lobe Correct Answer: contains the motor cortex; associated with voluntary skeletal movement
Graphesthesia Correct Answer: tactual ability to recognize writing on the skin
Kernig sign Correct Answer: attempt to straighten a leg of a supine patient after flexing the leg at the
knee and hip
Meningitis Correct Answer: inflammatory process in the meninges, the membrane around the brain and
spinal cord
Normal pressure hydrocephalus Correct Answer: syndrome simulating degenerative disease that is
caused by noncommunicating hydrocephalus
