HIWD 370 Exam #2
Prince Vladimir Correct Answer: Known as "the Great"
Reigned from 980-1015 AD
Became a Christian and encouraged or enforced the growth of Christianity throughout his holdings.
Louis IX Correct Answer: Leader of the Seventh Crusade which earned him the title of Saint Louis
Captured the Egyptian city of Damietta, but was himself taken captive in the battle for Cairo. He was
eventually ransomed.
Charlemagne Correct Answer: o Noteworthy king of the Franks who was crowned Fist Holy Roman
Emperor
o Considered a devoted Christian and strong supporter of the Church.
o Admirer of the ancient Greek and Roman cultures who greatly encouraged learning
o Through conquests and warfare, he greatly expanded his kingdom and united much of Western
Europe for the first time since the height of the Roman Empire
Ivan IV Correct Answer: o Also known as Ivan the Terrible, established Tsarist leadership.
o Was said to be mentally unstable since his youth & became vicious toward the nobility and some of his
top military personnel.
Serfs Correct Answer: Commoners who lived on the Lord's manor.
Fiefs Correct Answer: land granted to a vassal by a lord in the feudal system.
Squires Correct Answer: Basically a knight in training who assisted the knight in his affairs.
Knights Correct Answer: During the High Middle Ages, knighthood was considered a class of lower
nobility.
By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct
for the perfect courtly Christian warrior; primarily associated with horseback riding-based warfare.
Ivan III Correct Answer: Known as "Ivan the Great," married the niece of the last Byzantine emperor and
laid the foundations of the Russian state.
Vassal Correct Answer: A person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the
context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.
, First Crusade Correct Answer: 1096-1099
Principal objective: For Christians to regain control of the Sacred City of Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
Alexius Comnenus (Byzantine Emperor) asked for mercenaries to defend Constantinople. Instead he
received perhaps 12,000 commoners intent on liberating Jerusalem. The European nobility marched on
Jerusalem and the (short-lived) Kingdom of Jerusalem was thus established.
Second Crusade Correct Answer: 1147-1149
Second attempt to purge Muslims out of areas formerly held by Christians. Only a few Greek islands
were taken and the Moors were expelled from Lisbon
Setbacks by the Christians at Damascus leads to Jerusalem being recaptured by Muslims.
Third Crusade Correct Answer: 1189-1192
Led by Ferderick Barbarossa (Holy Roman Emperor), Richard I (England) and Philip II (France)
Resulted in a truce which gave Christians access to Jerusalem and the Holy Places.
Fourth Crusade Correct Answer: 1202-1204
About 10,000 crusaders met in Venice before marching on and conquering Constantinople, instead of
the Holy Land. The Catholics would hold Constantinople until 1261.
Seventh Crusade Correct Answer: o Led by King Louis IX of France (St. Louis)
o He captured the Egyptian city of Damietta, but was himself taken captive in the battle for Cairo. He
was eventually ransomed.
Eighth Crusade Correct Answer: An unsuccessful attack on the Moorish city of Tunis in North Africa in
1270 AD.
Frederick Barbarossa Correct Answer: Holy Roman Emperor who led the Third Crusade
Frederick II (Holy Roman Emperor) Correct Answer: o Led the Sixth Crusade
o Negotiated a treaty which led to Christian control of several sites, including Jerusalem. Muslims
mercenaries retook the city in 1244.
Differences between Romans and their German counterparts Correct Answer: o Loyal to own tribe, no
concept of country w/ many peoples
o Rural people who didn't try to build/rebuild cities
o Largely pagan
o Initially subject to unwritten laws so they practiced trial by ordeal
o Spoke a variety of non-Latin and non-Greek languages
o Saw little if any value in traditional educations.
Leo X Correct Answer: Protestant Reformation launched when he excommunicated Martin Luther
Prince Vladimir Correct Answer: Known as "the Great"
Reigned from 980-1015 AD
Became a Christian and encouraged or enforced the growth of Christianity throughout his holdings.
Louis IX Correct Answer: Leader of the Seventh Crusade which earned him the title of Saint Louis
Captured the Egyptian city of Damietta, but was himself taken captive in the battle for Cairo. He was
eventually ransomed.
Charlemagne Correct Answer: o Noteworthy king of the Franks who was crowned Fist Holy Roman
Emperor
o Considered a devoted Christian and strong supporter of the Church.
o Admirer of the ancient Greek and Roman cultures who greatly encouraged learning
o Through conquests and warfare, he greatly expanded his kingdom and united much of Western
Europe for the first time since the height of the Roman Empire
Ivan IV Correct Answer: o Also known as Ivan the Terrible, established Tsarist leadership.
o Was said to be mentally unstable since his youth & became vicious toward the nobility and some of his
top military personnel.
Serfs Correct Answer: Commoners who lived on the Lord's manor.
Fiefs Correct Answer: land granted to a vassal by a lord in the feudal system.
Squires Correct Answer: Basically a knight in training who assisted the knight in his affairs.
Knights Correct Answer: During the High Middle Ages, knighthood was considered a class of lower
nobility.
By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct
for the perfect courtly Christian warrior; primarily associated with horseback riding-based warfare.
Ivan III Correct Answer: Known as "Ivan the Great," married the niece of the last Byzantine emperor and
laid the foundations of the Russian state.
Vassal Correct Answer: A person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the
context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.
, First Crusade Correct Answer: 1096-1099
Principal objective: For Christians to regain control of the Sacred City of Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
Alexius Comnenus (Byzantine Emperor) asked for mercenaries to defend Constantinople. Instead he
received perhaps 12,000 commoners intent on liberating Jerusalem. The European nobility marched on
Jerusalem and the (short-lived) Kingdom of Jerusalem was thus established.
Second Crusade Correct Answer: 1147-1149
Second attempt to purge Muslims out of areas formerly held by Christians. Only a few Greek islands
were taken and the Moors were expelled from Lisbon
Setbacks by the Christians at Damascus leads to Jerusalem being recaptured by Muslims.
Third Crusade Correct Answer: 1189-1192
Led by Ferderick Barbarossa (Holy Roman Emperor), Richard I (England) and Philip II (France)
Resulted in a truce which gave Christians access to Jerusalem and the Holy Places.
Fourth Crusade Correct Answer: 1202-1204
About 10,000 crusaders met in Venice before marching on and conquering Constantinople, instead of
the Holy Land. The Catholics would hold Constantinople until 1261.
Seventh Crusade Correct Answer: o Led by King Louis IX of France (St. Louis)
o He captured the Egyptian city of Damietta, but was himself taken captive in the battle for Cairo. He
was eventually ransomed.
Eighth Crusade Correct Answer: An unsuccessful attack on the Moorish city of Tunis in North Africa in
1270 AD.
Frederick Barbarossa Correct Answer: Holy Roman Emperor who led the Third Crusade
Frederick II (Holy Roman Emperor) Correct Answer: o Led the Sixth Crusade
o Negotiated a treaty which led to Christian control of several sites, including Jerusalem. Muslims
mercenaries retook the city in 1244.
Differences between Romans and their German counterparts Correct Answer: o Loyal to own tribe, no
concept of country w/ many peoples
o Rural people who didn't try to build/rebuild cities
o Largely pagan
o Initially subject to unwritten laws so they practiced trial by ordeal
o Spoke a variety of non-Latin and non-Greek languages
o Saw little if any value in traditional educations.
Leo X Correct Answer: Protestant Reformation launched when he excommunicated Martin Luther
